Muscular system Flashcards
1
Q
What are muscles, and what are the 3 types of muscles?
A
Muscles are a form of tissue that are able to shorten their length. The 3 types of muscles are: -Skeletal - Visceral -Cardiac
2
Q
What is a skeletal muscle?
A
- Sometimes called voluntary muscles, they combine with bone and joints to make body movements
- They work in pairs
- Abdominal and shoulder muscles are examples of skeletal muscle
3
Q
What is a Visceral muscle?
A
- Sometimes called smooth or involuntary muscles as we cannot control their contraction
- They are found in respiratory tubes, arteries, digestive tract, bladder, and uterus.
- they work in pairs to constrict or dilate a tube
4
Q
What is a cardiac muscle?
A
- Only found in the heart
- They are unique as they don’t fatigue or tire
- Thye don’t need a nerve impulse to make it contract and it doesn’t need to work in pairs
5
Q
Function of the Skeletal muscle?
A
- These muscles allow us to move by contracting and relaxing
- Movement is made more flexible with joints, the joints move due to the force of the muscles acting on them, they limit the movement, preventing dislocation
- Muscles are attached to bones by tendons
6
Q
What is Antagonistic muscle action?
A
- Skeletal muscles work in pairs to carry out opposite actions around a joint, when one is contracting the other is relaxing.
7
Q
What are skeletal muscle fibers made up of?
A
- Each muscle is called a fiber, these are made up of myofibrils, and these are made up of myofilaments.
- The protein actin and myosin, these are arranged as parallel filaments
- Thick ones contain myosin
- Thin ones contain actin
8
Q
What are the 2 types of skeletal muscle fiber types?
A
- Muscle fibers can be categorised by how they contract
- Type 1: Contract the slowest and are least likely to fatigue, muscles that support the body have a high proportion of this type of fiber
- Type 2 : Contract the fastest and strongest but are more likely to become tired
9
Q
What are the types of muscle contraction?
A
- Isotonic contraction: the muscle contracts and it either shortens or lengthens. E.g bicep curl, press up or walking
- Isometric contraction: The muscle contracts but doesn’t change length, often only a partial contraction. Used to maintain posture e.g standing still, holding a glass or plank exercise
10
Q
What is Muscular dystrophy?(MD)
A
A group of disorder that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass and degeneration of skeletal fibers
11
Q
What causes Muscular Dystrophy? (MD)
A
- Caused by alterations and mutations in the genes responsible for healthy muscle structure and function. Usually inherited by faulty genes in both parents.
12
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of Muscular dystrophy? (MD)
A
- Pain and stiffness in muscles
- Difficulty running and jumping
- A wadding gilt
- Learning disability such as developing speech late
- Walking on toes
- Issues swallowing
- Breathing problems
13
Q
What are the different types of Muscular dystrophy? (MD)
A
- DUCHENNE MD - An X linked inherited disease, most common i children ages 5
- MYTONIC MD - characterised by progressive muscle wasting and weakness
- BECKER MD - most common and starts in childhood, signs and symptoms includes muscle cramps and walking late
14
Q
How does Muscular Dystrophy (MD) affect general health and well-being? (PIES)
A
- Physical: muscles become weaker which makes physical activities difficult, as having weaker muscles can be painful and limits what you can do
- Cognitive: Can cause cognitive impairments such as communication issues, MD can effect someone at a young ages development.
- Emotional: Can cause anxiety, anger and frustration at their condition and their body
- Social: Might lead to social isolation, and bullying as they may seem different to other children and not being able to the same things they can
