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P.E > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of a bone?

A

Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone

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2
Q

What is a flat bone?

A

Often large and usually protect vital organs

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3
Q

What is a long bone?

A

Enable gross (large) movements

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4
Q

What is a short bone?

A

Enable finer, controlled movements

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5
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Specifically shaped to protect. E.g. Vertebrae designed to protect the spinal cord

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6
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A 
Support 
Production of vital organs 
Movement 
Structural shape 
Blood cell production 
Storage of minerals
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7
Q

What is the purpose of support?

A

Keeps the body upright

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the protection of vital organs?

A

The bones of the skeleton protect the internal organs and reduce the risk of injury on impact. When you head the ball in football, you are protecting the brain

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9
Q

What is the purpose of movement?

A

The bones act like levers and also form joints that allows muscles to pull on them and produce joint movements

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10
Q

What is the purpose of structural shape?

A

The skeleton provides the human shape and determines the height of a shape
If your not 6 foot tall then you can not make the NBA

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the blood cell production?

A

Certain bones in the skeleton contain red bone marrow and the bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

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12
Q

What is a joint?

A

A joint is a place where two or more bones meet and is also called an articulation.

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13
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Bone to muscle

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14
Q

What is a ligament?

A

It attach Bone to bone

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15
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

Prevent bones rubbing together and causing friction

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16
Q

What is the bursae?

A

The bursae are fluid sacs which help to prevent friction in the joint

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17
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Synovial fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates the joint so it moves smoothly

18
Q

Where are synovial joints located?

A 
Hip
Knee
Shoulder 
Ankle 
Elbow
19
Q

What are the two types of synovial joints?

A

Hinge

Ball and socket

20
Q

What is flexion?

A

Decreasing the angle at that joint

21
Q

What is extension?

A

Increasing the angle at that point

22
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Pointing of the foot towards the ground

23
Q

What is dorsi flexion?

A

The foot pointing upwards

24
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement where limbs are moved away from the body

25
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement where limbs are moved back towards the midline of the body

26
Q

What is rotation?

A

Turning a along its long axis

27
Q

What is circumduction?

A

The limb moves in a circle

28
Q

Location of ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder

Hip

29
Q

Location of hinge joint

A

Elbow
Ankle
Knee

30
Q

What are the movements at the ankle?

A

Dorsi flexion

Plantar flexion

31
Q

What are the movements at the hip?

A

Rotation

32
Q

What are the movements at the knee?

A

Flexion

Extension

33
Q

What are the movements at the shoulder?

A

Rotation
Circumduction
Adduction
Abduction

34
Q

What are the movements at the knee?

A

Extension

Flexion

35
Q

What are the four antagonistic pairs in the human body?

A

Biceps and triceps - acting at the elbow joint
Gluteals and hip flexor - acting at the hip joint
Quadriceps and hamstrings - acting at the knee
Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius - acting at the ankle joint

36
Q

Define agonist

A

The prime mover – muscle that causes movement

37
Q

Define antagonist

A

Muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract

38
Q

Define isotonic contraction

A

Muscle action where the muscle changes length – causes movement

39
Q

Define isometric contraction

A

Muscle action where the muscle stays the same length

40
Q

Define eccentric contraction

A

Isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens

41
Q

Define concentric contraction

A

Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens

P.E (8 decks)

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