Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the four types of a bone?
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
What is a flat bone?
Often large and usually protect vital organs
What is a long bone?
Enable gross (large) movements
What is a short bone?
Enable finer, controlled movements
What are irregular bones?
Specifically shaped to protect. E.g. Vertebrae designed to protect the spinal cord
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Support Production of vital organs Movement Structural shape Blood cell production Storage of minerals
What is the purpose of support?
Keeps the body upright
What is the purpose of the protection of vital organs?
The bones of the skeleton protect the internal organs and reduce the risk of injury on impact. When you head the ball in football, you are protecting the brain
What is the purpose of movement?
The bones act like levers and also form joints that allows muscles to pull on them and produce joint movements
What is the purpose of structural shape?
The skeleton provides the human shape and determines the height of a shape
If your not 6 foot tall then you can not make the NBA
What is the purpose of the blood cell production?
Certain bones in the skeleton contain red bone marrow and the bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
What is a joint?
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet and is also called an articulation.
What is a tendon?
Bone to muscle
What is a ligament?
It attach Bone to bone
What is the function of cartilage?
Prevent bones rubbing together and causing friction
What is the bursae?
The bursae are fluid sacs which help to prevent friction in the joint
What is synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates the joint so it moves smoothly
Where are synovial joints located?
Hip Knee Shoulder Ankle Elbow
What are the two types of synovial joints?
Hinge
Ball and socket
What is flexion?
Decreasing the angle at that joint
What is extension?
Increasing the angle at that point
What is plantar flexion?
Pointing of the foot towards the ground
What is dorsi flexion?
The foot pointing upwards
What is abduction?
Movement where limbs are moved away from the body
What is adduction?
Movement where limbs are moved back towards the midline of the body
What is rotation?
Turning a along its long axis
What is circumduction?
The limb moves in a circle
Location of ball and socket joint
Shoulder
Hip
Location of hinge joint
Elbow
Ankle
Knee
What are the movements at the ankle?
Dorsi flexion
Plantar flexion
What are the movements at the hip?
Rotation
What are the movements at the knee?
Flexion
Extension
What are the movements at the shoulder?
Rotation
Circumduction
Adduction
Abduction
What are the movements at the knee?
Extension
Flexion
What are the four antagonistic pairs in the human body?
Biceps and triceps - acting at the elbow joint
Gluteals and hip flexor - acting at the hip joint
Quadriceps and hamstrings - acting at the knee
Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius - acting at the ankle joint
Define agonist
The prime mover – muscle that causes movement
Define antagonist
Muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract
Define isotonic contraction
Muscle action where the muscle changes length – causes movement
Define isometric contraction
Muscle action where the muscle stays the same length
Define eccentric contraction
Isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens
Define concentric contraction
Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens
