Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
What is the tidal volume?
The amount of air taken in or out with each breath, this will increase with exercise
What is residual volume?
The amount of air left in the lung after maximum expiration
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The amount of extra air that can be expired (above the tidal volume) during forceful breath out
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The amount of extra air that can be inspired (above the tidal volume) during a deep breath in
What is vital capacity?
The greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath
What is aerobic exercise?
Aerobic exercise - producing energy in the presence of oxygen at a lower intensity for a longer period of time
What is anaerobic exercise?
Anaerobic exercise - producing energy with the absence of oxygen during high intensity short burst exercise
What is the equation for aerobic exercise?
Glucose + oxygen —> water + energy + carbon dioxide
What is the equation for anaerobic exercise?
Glucose —> energy + lactic acid
What is lactic acid?
A byproduct of anaerobic exercise
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess
Post/exercise
Oxygen
Consumption
What are some recovery processes?
- Cool down
- Stretching
- Ice baths/massage
What is an ice bath?
To immerse yourself in ice cold water for a limited period of time
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an ice baths?
Advantages - relaxes muscles
Disadvantages - Risk of hypothermia or shock leading to sudden death. Can only be endured for a certain amount of time, uncomfortable
What is oxygen debt?
It is the temporary oxygen shortage in the body due to strenuous exercise
What are the immediate effects of exercise?
- Increase in heart rate
- Increase in breathing rate
- Hot and sweaty
- Red skin
What are the short term effects of exercise?
- Tiredness and fatigue
- Light headedness
- Aching muscles and muscle cramps
- Nausea
What are the long effects of exercise?
- Increase hypertrophy
- Bradycardia
- Improvements in specific components of fitness - muscular strength, endurance, speed, cardiovascular endurance and stamina
- Improved physique
- Improve suppleness
- Improve stamina
What is muscle fatigue?
When the efficiency of the muscles drops reducing the level of performance
How is air go throughout the body?
- Air firstly moves through mouth and nose and into the trachea
- The air passes through the trachea which then divides into two bronchi
- The bronchi then further divides inside the lungs into smaller bronchi called bronchioles
- Air then passes through the bronchioles into the alveoli
Inspiration = ?
Breathing in
Pressure decreases
Expiration = ?
Breathing out
Pressure increases
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration at rest?
This contracts which causes it to flatten
What happens to the intercostal muscles during inspiration at rest?
These contract it causing the ribs to lift upwards and outwards
