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P.E > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

The amount of air taken in or out with each breath, this will increase with exercise

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2
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The amount of air left in the lung after maximum expiration

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3
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The amount of extra air that can be expired (above the tidal volume) during forceful breath out

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4
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

The amount of extra air that can be inspired (above the tidal volume) during a deep breath in

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5
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath

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6
Q

What is aerobic exercise?

A

Aerobic exercise - producing energy in the presence of oxygen at a lower intensity for a longer period of time

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7
Q

What is anaerobic exercise?

A

Anaerobic exercise - producing energy with the absence of oxygen during high intensity short burst exercise

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8
Q

What is the equation for aerobic exercise?

A

Glucose + oxygen —> water + energy + carbon dioxide

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9
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic exercise?

A

Glucose —> energy + lactic acid

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10
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

A byproduct of anaerobic exercise

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11
Q

What does EPOC stand for?

A

Excess
Post/exercise
Oxygen
Consumption

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12
Q

What are some recovery processes?

A
  • Cool down
  • Stretching
  • Ice baths/massage
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13
Q

What is an ice bath?

A

To immerse yourself in ice cold water for a limited period of time

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14
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an ice baths?

A

Advantages - relaxes muscles
Disadvantages - Risk of hypothermia or shock leading to sudden death. Can only be endured for a certain amount of time, uncomfortable

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15
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

It is the temporary oxygen shortage in the body due to strenuous exercise

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16
Q

What are the immediate effects of exercise?

A
  • Increase in heart rate
  • Increase in breathing rate
  • Hot and sweaty
  • Red skin
17
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise?

A
  • Tiredness and fatigue
  • Light headedness
  • Aching muscles and muscle cramps
  • Nausea
18
Q

What are the long effects of exercise?

A
  • Increase hypertrophy
  • Bradycardia
  • Improvements in specific components of fitness - muscular strength, endurance, speed, cardiovascular endurance and stamina
  • Improved physique
  • Improve suppleness
  • Improve stamina
19
Q

What is muscle fatigue?

A

When the efficiency of the muscles drops reducing the level of performance

20
Q

How is air go throughout the body?

A
  • Air firstly moves through mouth and nose and into the trachea
  • The air passes through the trachea which then divides into two bronchi
  • The bronchi then further divides inside the lungs into smaller bronchi called bronchioles
  • Air then passes through the bronchioles into the alveoli
21
Q

Inspiration = ?

A

Breathing in

Pressure decreases

22
Q

Expiration = ?

A

Breathing out

Pressure increases

23
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration at rest?

A

This contracts which causes it to flatten

24
Q

What happens to the intercostal muscles during inspiration at rest?

A

These contract it causing the ribs to lift upwards and outwards

25
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration at rest?

A

Diaphragm relaxes causing it to return back to its dome shape

26
Q

What happens to the intercostal muscles during expiration at rest?

A

The Intercostal muscles relax lowering the ribs, making the chest cavity smaller

27
Q

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

A

Lungs/alveoli

28
Q

Characteristics of alveoli

A
  • Large surface area for gas exchange
  • Thin walls
  • Alveoli surrounded by network of lots of capillaries - this allows more frequent gas exchange
  • Layer of moisture in the walls of the alveoli - Makes gas exchange more efficient
29
Q

Describe the process of diffusion that occurs in the lungs. (2 marks)

A
  • Gases move from a high to a low concentration
  • Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the red blood cells
  • Carbon dioxide moves from the red blood cells into the alveoli
30
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A protein and red pigment found in red blood cells that transports and carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

31
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin. (3 marks)

A

Haemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells
Haemoglobin transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Haemoglobin binds to oxygen to make oxyhaemoglobin

P.E (8 decks)

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