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3B - Remy Manak > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Head and trunk of vertebrate
Central axis of human skeleton
Supports the upright position and protects internal organs
Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Portion of the skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support appendages
Limbs
Aid in the movement of the body
Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

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3
Q

How many bones in Axial

A

80 bones

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4
Q

How many bones in Appendicular

A

126 bones

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5
Q

Total bones in human body

A

206

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6
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

1.Support and Protection- the bones support, facilitate movement, and protect the human body.
2.Body movement- Bones facilitate movement by serving as points of attachment for your muscles.
3&4 Produce blood cells, storage of fat and minerals- Bone also serves as a site for fat storage and blood cell production.

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7
Q

(5) The classifications of bones

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
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8
Q

Epiphysis

A

end

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9
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft

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10
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, padding

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11
Q

Periosteum

A

membrane that covers entire bone

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12
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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13
Q

Function of yellow bone marrow

A

contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy.

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14
Q

Function of red bone marrow

A

is where hematopoiesis—the production of blood cells—takes place. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red marrow.

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15
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

In the limbs, flexion decreases the angle between the bones (bending of the joint), while extension increases the angle and straightens the joint.

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16
Q

Abduction

A

Abduction (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)

Moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

Adduction

A

Adduction (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)

Brings the limb toward the body or across the midline

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18
Q

Circumduction

A

Circumduction (biaxial condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket)
Movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.

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19
Q

Rotation

A

Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint.
Medial (Internal) Rotation
Movement that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body
Lateral (External) Rotation
Rotation of the limb so that the anterior surface moves away from the midline

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20
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

Pronation is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.

Supination is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.

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21
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion, while lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion.

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22
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

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23
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball.
Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.

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24
Q

Depression/Elevation

A

The upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression. These movements are used to shrug your shoulders.

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25
Opposition/Reposition
Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger is called reposition.
26
Pivot
Movement- uniaxial joint, allows rotational movement | Example- atlantoaxial joint(C1-C2 vertebrae articulation), proximal radioulnar joint
27
Hinge
Movement- Uniaxial joint, Allows flexion/extension movements | Example- knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes
28
Condyloid
Movement- Biaxial joints, allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements Example- metacarpholangeal(knuckle) joints of fingers, radoiocarpal joint of wrist, metatarsophalangeal joints for toes
29
Saddle
Movement- biaxial joint, allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movement Example- first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, sternoclavicular joint
30
Plane
Movement- multiracial joint, allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column Example- intertarsial joints of foot; superior-inferior articular process articulations between vertebrae
31
Ball and Socket
Movement- multiracial joint, allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and medial/lateral rotation movements Example- shoulder and hip joints
32
Compact bone tissue
Compact (wall of the diaphysis)
33
Spongy bone tissue
Spongy (cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow
34
How many bones are in the cranium?
22 bones
35
What is the only movable bone in your skull?
Mandible(lower jaw)
36
What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?
1. 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) from cervical curve 2. 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) from thoracic curve 3. Invertebral disc 4. 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) from lumbar curve 5. fused vertebrae of sacrum and coccyx from sacrococcygeal curve
37
How many vertebrae are in cervical?
7
38
How many vertebrae are in thoracic?
12
39
How many vertebrae are in lumbar?
5
40
Scoliosis
Scoliosis is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column.
41
Kyphosis
referred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region.
42
Lordosis
swayback, is an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.
43
What does the thoracic cage protect?
protects the heart and lungs.
44
Costal cartilage
bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax
45
Main bones of the pectoral girdle
scapula clavicle humerus
46
Humerus (describe its location)
superior part of the arm, bone that connects the elbow
47
Radius (describe its location)
inferior part of the arm, bone that connects the hand to the arm
48
Ulna (describe its location)
spans from elbow to the wrist and is the second long bone in the inferior part of the arm
49
Carpals (describe its location)
the bone between your arm and hand
50
Metacarpals (describe its location)
superior part of the fingers connects to carpal
51
Phalanges (describe its location)
inferior part of the fingers connects to metacarpals
52
Femur (describe its location)
your thighbone which is the strongest and longest bone in your body
53
Tibia (describe its location)
one of two long bones in your lower leg, your shin bone(tibia) is on the medial side of your leg
54
Fibula (describe its location)
the second long bone in your lower leg, on the lateral side of your leg
55
Tarsals (describe its location)
the bone between your leg and foot
56
Metatarsals (describe its location)
the superior part of your toes connects to your tarsal
57
closed fracture/simple
a fracture in which the skin stays intact
58
open fracture/compound
a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin, carries a high risk of infection
59
transverse fracture
occurs straight across the long axis of the bone
60
spiral fracture
bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion
61
comminuted fracture
several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments
62
impacted fracture
one fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression
63
greenstick fracture
a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
64
oblique fracture
occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

3B - Remy Manak (10 decks)

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