Nervous System

Question 1

Function of nervous system

Answer 1

The function of the nervous system is to detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body

Question 2

Major organs of nervous system

Answer 2

Major Organs:
	Brain
	Spinal Cord
	Senses
	Nerves

Question 3

Difference between neurons and neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons (make up 10% of the nervous system)

Neuroglia (“nerve-glue”, make up 90% of the nervous system)

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

receive the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Schwann cells

Answer 6

Allows myelin sheath to grow

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

Question 10

Axon terminal

Answer 10

the button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells.

Question 11

(5) Different types of sensory receptors

Merkel’s disk

Answer 11

touch

Question 12

(5) Different types of sensory receptors

Hair follicle receptor

Answer 12

touch

Question 13

(5) Different types of sensory receptors

Free nerve ending

Answer 13

pain and temperature

Question 14

(5) Different types of sensory receptors

Ruffini’s corpuscle

Answer 14

touch and pressure

Question 15

(5) Different types of sensory receptors

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 15

pressure

Question 16

(3) Tiny bones in your ear and nickname

Answer 16

malleus, incus, and stapes
These are commonly known as the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup.
They amplify the sound waves to the inner ear through a membrane called the oval window.

Question 17

Cochlea

Answer 17

a bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid.

Question 18

Cornea

Answer 18

Cornea is made of thick, transparent tissue

Function: allows light into the eye

Question 19

Pupil

Answer 19

Pupil is the opening in the center of the iris
Function: muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye
Low light- pupil wide open
High light- pupil nearly closed

Question 20

Iris

Answer 20

The iris is located behind the cornea. It is the colored part of the eye.
Function: works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye

Question 21

Retina

Answer 21

The retina, located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors.

Question 22

Lens

Answer 22

The lens is a semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina.
It is controlled by ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments.

Question 23

Farsighted vs Nearsighted (what is the difference?)

Answer 23

farsighted- eyeball is to short

nearsighted- eyeball is to long

Question 24

Papillae

Answer 24

The tongue is filled with bumps called papillae. Many of these papillae contain taste buds.

Question 25

CSF

Answer 25

The cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain by preventing the it from contacting the skull.
It also maintains the blood-brain barrier, which controls homeostasis for the brain and prevents infection.

Question 26

Cerebrum

Answer 26

Largest part of brain

Divided into 2 hemispheres

Question 27

(4) Lobes of cerebrum

Answer 27

The cerebrum is divided into 4 lobes, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.

Question 28

Thalamus

Answer 28

2 bulb-shaped halves in the center of the brain

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 29

Hypothalamus

Answer 29

Controls hormones released by pituitary gland (often called the “master endocrine gland”)
Responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

Question 30

Brainstem

Answer 30

Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord. Also known as mesencephalon
Relays info to cerebrum
Controls body movements and postures

Question 31

(3) Regions of Brainstem

Answer 31

Broken into three regions:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 32

Cerebellum

Answer 32

Second largest part of brain
Near back of skull
Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient
All involuntary movements
Aids in “muscle memory”

Question 33

Spinal Cord

Answer 33

Extends from the medulla oblongata
31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord, connecting to all parts of the body
Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain