skeletal system

Question 1

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Support, Movement, protection, formation of blood cells, storage of nutrients, and attachment points for muscles.

Question 2

what are the two types of bone tissue and their properties?

Answer 2

Compact/hard bone, honeycomb structure, due to Haversian canals, found on the outside of most bones,
2. Cancellous bone, spongy, found at the ends of most bones, only tissue type which contains bone marrow.

Question 3

what are the two types of the skeleton and their roles?

Answer 3

Axial skeleton supports the head, neck and torso, protects vital organs.
Appendicular skeleton supports limbs.

Question 4

What are the 5 differnt types of bones?

Answer 4

Long bones, levers which allow movement, femur

2. short bones, strong compact and usually grouped, carpals
3. Flat bones, broad, flat surface, scapula, for protection.
4. irregular bones, individual characteristics, vertebrae]
5. sesamoid bones, bones with tendons to protect the tendon, patella,

Question 5

how many bones are there in total in the body?

Answer 5

206 bones

Question 6

Define ossification?

Answer 6

Ossification isthe natural process of bone formation.

Question 7

what is the role of oseoblasts?

Answer 7

specialised connective tissues which synthesise bone.
They secrete matrix material called osteoid, then add inorganic salts to harden the bone, cartliage cells then die out forming bone.

Question 8

true or false, the bone grows from the center outwards?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

How many ossification sites are there on long bones, compared to short?

Answer 9

3 on long bones, middle, start and end, compared to 1 on short and other bones in the centre.

Question 10

what are the roles of osteoclasts?

Answer 10

A large multinucleate bone cell which absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing. and regulates bone formation.

Question 11

How many bones from the skull?

Answer 11

8 bones in the cranium, 14 face bones, and 1 hyoid, the tongue.

Question 12

How many bones form the vertebrae?

Answer 12

33 vertebrate bones, 26 when fused together once adolescents is reached

Question 13

How many bones make up the spine and list its 5 sections?

Answer 13

Cervical - 7, Thoracic - 12, Lumbar - 5, sacral -5, coccygeal -4.

Question 14

How many bones form the pelvic?

Answer 14

9 or 10

Question 15

What do discs between bones allow for?

Answer 15

Discs between bones in vertebrae allow for movement, more fluid from hydration, allows for more squashing of the disks and therefore greater movmemnt .

Question 16

How many carpals are there in the wrist?

Answer 16

8 carpal bones

Question 17

How many metacarpals in the hand, and how many phalanges?

Answer 17

5 metacarpal bones, 14 phalanges, 2 in a thumb and 3 in each finger.

Question 18

How many tarsals and metatarsals in the foot?

Answer 18

7 tarsals, and 5 metatarsals

Question 19

how many phalanges in the toes?

Answer 19

14 phalanges, 2 in the big toe, 3 in each other toe.

Question 20

How many types of joints are there?

Answer 20

3 main joints, freely moveable joints, slighlty moveable joints, and fixed/fibrous joints.

Question 21

what are the 5 types of freely moveable joints?

Answer 21

Ball and socket, gliding joints-wrist, hinge joints, saddle joint, pivot joint -first two cervicel vertebrae

Question 22

What are the characteristics of a slightly moveable joint?

Answer 22

Moves by compression of cartilage, and structurally contains a pad of white fibrocartilage between the bone.

Question 23

what are the characetrstics of a fixed joint?

Answer 23

No/very little movement, structurally made of fibrous connective tissue joining the ends of bones.

Question 24

define kyphosis?

Answer 24

– an exaggerated outward curvature, posteriorly, of the spine,

Question 25

Define lordosis,

Answer 25

an exaggerated inward curvature, anteriorly, of the spine, - lumbar area

Question 26

list 2 skeletal pathologies,

Answer 26

Rheumatoid Arthritis- Auto-immune disease that attacks the synovial membranes and degrades and malforms the articular surfaces of bones.
Slipped disc - Caused by the weakening or tearing of one of the intervertebral discs, resulting in bulging of the disc. May trap spinal nerve!