Skeletal Stem Cells Flashcards
Stem Cells (SCs): History
Embryonic stem cells have the capacity to regenerate any _____ (ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal). So the whole idea is can we regenerate a pancreas or a neuron. But it’s not that simple and these cells are surrounded by a lot of controversy
tissue
Stem Cells (SCs): History
mesenchymal stem cells are within our body; constantly _____ our tissue; bone can do it with minimal _____
heart undergoes major _____
cell that isn’t _____ dividing, housed near area where its needed; once the bank is used up; it can be activated to _____
live in human _____; first identified from the hip; play a small role within the BM, ability to regenerate tissues of the _____
regenerating
scarring
scarring
rapidly
replenish
bone marrow
mesenchyme
Stem Cells (SCs): Terminology  Stem Cell: a cell that has the ability to continuously \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ into various type(s) of cells/tissues
“continuously divide” > similarities to _____
divide
differentiate
cancer cell
Stem Cells (SCs): Terminology

Potency: “Potens” meaning having _____.
Totipotent: embryonic _____, from fertilization up to _____, each cel can develop into _____ organism, cells from early (_____ days) embryos
blastomere
8 cell
whole
1-3
Stem Cells (SCs): Terminology  Pluripotent: cells can form any \_\_\_\_\_ of embryonic tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm), cells from inner cell mass of \_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_ days), 2 types (embryonic \_\_\_\_\_ and embryonic \_\_\_\_\_ cells)
Multipotent (_____ stem cells): cells have the potential to differentiate into more than one _____ of specialized cells
Oligopotent: cells that have the ability to differentiate into a few _____
Progenitor cells: cells that produce terminally _____ or _____ cells
Unipotent (_____ cells): cells that only have the ability to produce cells of their own type (i.e., self-renewal)
cell type blastocyst 5-14 stem germ
adult
type
cells
differentiated
specialized
somatic
Stem Cells (SCs): Fetal SC Sources
amniotic fluid can serve as a source of SC; less _____ than mesenchymal cell; you have a _____ donor site (difficult to access)
specialized
limited
Stem Cells (SCs): Adult SC

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) specifies that in order to call a cell an MSC it must be _____ to tissue culture plastic while being maintained in standard culture conditions
MSCs must express _____, _____, _____
MSCs must lack the expression of CD45, CD34, CD14, or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 an HLA-DR surface molecules CD11b
MSCs must be able to differentiate to _____, _____, and _____ en vivo
adherent
CD105
CD73
CD90
osteoblasts
adipocytes
chondroblasts
Dentofacial Sources of MSCs  1. \_\_\_\_\_:bonemarrow-derivedMSCs 2. \_\_\_\_\_:dentalpulpstemcells 3. \_\_\_\_\_ :stemcellsfromhumanexfoliated deciduous teeth 4.\_\_\_\_\_:periodontalligamentstemcells 5. \_\_\_\_\_:dentalfolliclestemcells 6. \_\_\_\_\_:toothgermprogenitorcells 7. \_\_\_\_\_:stemcellsfromtheapicalpapilla 8. \_\_\_\_\_:oralepithelialprogenitor/stemcells 9. \_\_\_\_\_:gingiva-derivedMSCs 10. \_\_\_\_\_: periosteum-derived stem cells 11. SGSCs: salivary gland-derived stem cells
BMSC DPSC SHED PDLSC DFSC TGPC SCAP OESC GMSC PSC SGSC
Banking Dental Pulp Stem Cells
SC _____ as you age; the premise: SC are banked until the technology is _____ so they can used
fatigue
available
Tonsil MSCs
(1) _____ to tissue culture plastic while being maintained in standard culture conditions
(2) Must be able to differentiate to _____, _____, and _____ (_____)
(3) MSCs must express _____, _____, _____
(4) MSCs must lack the expression of CD45, CD34, CD14, or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules CD11b
adherent osteoblasts adipocytes chondroblasts multipotent
CD73
CD90
CD105
Regenerative Medicine
Branch of _____ and _____ which deals with the “process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function
regenerative medicine is not fixing it; you are replacing it with a “_____”
why don’t trust body to do it by itself > body forms _____ when it tries to heal itself
translational research tissue engineering
molecular biology
brand new part; car mechanic analogy
fibrosis/scarring
Regenerative Medicine
place _____ (product of SC) and regnerate the tissue (instead of implanting plastic/rubber)
cell of interest (from gingiva, PDL, follicle) [easily available]; cultivate and expand the cells
require a _____; provide a stimulus [GF/mechanical stimulus]
exosomes
matrix
Hormones
PTH
LOOK AT THE SLIDE
OKAY
Hormones
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP)
Regulates _____ bone formation, produced by most tissues in the body
Critical in _____ phase of tooth eruption (stimulates _____ bone resorption)
Similar function to normal PTH in that it results in “_____”
o Resorption of _____ and _____ calcium reabsorption
o Less likely to stimulate _____ production (does not increase intestinal absorption of calcium)
endochondral intraosseous local hypercalcemia bone distal tubular Vitamin D
Hormones

Vitamin D
Hormone, not a _____
Vitamin D3 is made in the _____ from _____ under the influence of _____ light
Vitamin D3 metabolized first to _____ then to the hormonal form _____
vitamin skin 7-dehydrocholesterol ultra violet 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-OH)2D
