Skeletal Muscles: Upper Torso Flashcards
Shoulder Girdle
- Trapezius
- Rhomboid (maj/min)
- Serratus Anterior
- Levator Scapula
- Pectoralis Minor
Trapezius
O. Occipital bone, ligamentum niche, spines of thoracic vertebrae
I. Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
A. Elevate scapula, upward rotation of shoulder, adduction of the scapula, shoulder shrug movement
Rhomboid (maj/min)
O. Spinous process of last cervical vertebra and first 5 thoracic vertebrae
I. Medial border scapula
A. Adduction of the scapula, rotation of the point of the shoulder downward
In a chin-up activity, the rhomboids draw the scapula’s medial border downward toward the spinal column
Serratus anterior
O.Lateral surface of the upper 8 ribs
I. Medial border of the scapula, anterior surface
A. Abducts the scapula and causes upward rotation of the point of the shoulder
Used in propulsive phase of throwing a basketball; called the boxer’s muscle as used in throwing a punch
Levator Scapula
O. Transverse processes of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae
I. Superior angle of scapula
A. Elevates the medial border of the scapula
Used to shrug the shoulders, along with the trapezius muscle
Pectoralis Minor
O. Outer surface of ribs 3-5
I. Coracoid process of scapula
A. Along with serratus anterior it abducts the scapula and causes downward rotation of the point of the shoulder
Shoulder joint
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Rotator cuff muscles
- Teres major
- Biceps brachii
- Triceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
Deltoid (spinal head)
O. Spine of scapula
I. Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A. Extension of the arm at the shoulder, lateral rotation of the humerus
Deltoid (acromial/lateral head)
O. Acromion
I. Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A. Arm abduction
Deltoid (clavicular/anterior head)
O. Clavicle
I. Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A. Flexion of the arm at the shoulder and medial rotation of the humerus
Pectoralis Major
O. Medial part of the clavical and costal cartilage of 1-6 ribs
I. Bicipital groove of the humerus
A. Flexion of the arm at the shoulder; extension of a flexed arm; medial rotation of the humerus; adduction of the humerus; horixontal flexion (drawing humerus across body)
Latissimus Dorsi
O. Back of the sacrum
I. Bicipital groove of the humerus
A. Arm extension; humerus medial rotation; humerus adduction
“Rotator Cuff” Muscles
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Rotator cuff muscle
O. Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I. Greater tubercule of the humerus
A. Provides strength and stability to the shoulder joint; initiates arm abduction (deltoid takes over)
When humerus moves approx 90 degrees, trapezius and serratus anterior contract to upwardly rotate the scapula
Infraspinatus
Rotator cuff muscle
O. Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
I. Greater tubercule of the humerus
A. Provides strength to the posterior component of the shoulder joint capsule; lateral rotation of the humerus
Teres Minor
Rotator cuff muscle
O. Lateral border of scapula
I. Greater tubercule below insertion of infraspinatus
A. Prvides posterior support to the shoulder joint capsule; lateral rotation of the humerus; adduction of the humerus
Subscapularis
Rotator cuff muscle
O. Subscapular fossa of the scapula
I. Lesser tubercule of the humerus
A. Provides anterior strength to shoulder joint capsule; medial rotation of the humerus; adducts the humerus
Teres Major
O. Lateral border of the scapula
I. Bicipital groove of the humerus
A. Arm extension; medial rotation of the humerus
Biceps brachii (short head)
O. Coracoid process of the scapula
I. Radial tuberosity
A. Arm flexion/elbow flexion
Biceps brachii (long head)
O. Supraglenoid tubercule of the scapula
I. Radial tuberosity
A. Arm flexion/elbow flexion
Triceps brachii (long head)
O. Infraglenoid tubercule of the scapula
I. Olecranon process of the ulna
A. Arm extension, elbow extension
Triceps brachii (medial head)
O. Posterior/medial aspect of the humerus (med/inf to spiral line)
I. Olecranon process of the ulna
A. Elbow extension (no effect on shoulder mvt, originates from humerus below shoulder)
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
O. Posterior lateral aspect of the humerus; lateral and superior to spiral line
I. Olecranon process of ulna
A. Elbow extension (no effect on shoulder mvt, originates from humerus below shoulder)
Coracobrachialis
O. Coracoid process of scapula
I. Medial shaft of humerus
A. Arm flexion
Elbow Joint
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Triceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Supinator
- Pronator Teres
-Brachialis
O. Anterior shaft of the humerus
I. Coronoid process of the ulna; ulnar tuberosity
A. Elbow flexion
-Brachioradialis
O. shaft of humerus, just above lateral humeral epicondyle
I. Styloid process of radius
A. Elbow flexion when the forearm is in the semi-pronated position
-Supinator
O. Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I. Anterolateral surface of the radius, distal to the radial tuberosity
A. Supination of the forearm; assists in elbow extension
-Pronator Teres
O. Medial epicondyle of the humerus
I. Lateral surface of the radius, about the same level as the supinator
A. Assists in flexion of the elbow, used in pronation of the forearm