Skeletal Muscles: Lower Torso Flashcards
Hip Flexors
- Iliopsoas
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
Iliopsoas
-Hip Flexor
Psoas Major:
O. Transverse process and bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
I. Lesser trochanter of the femur
A. Hip flexor
Iliacus:
O. Iliac fossa
I. Lesser trochanter of the femur; same as psoas major
A. Hip flexion
Rectus Femoris
-Hip Flexor
O. Anterior inferior iliac spine
I. Patella
A. Flexion of the hip; extension of the knee
*also a member of the quadricep muscles
Sartorius
-Hip Flexor
O. Anterior superior iliac spine
I. Medial side of tibia
A. Hip flexion, hip lateral rotation, knee flexion
Adductors and Hip Flexors
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor Magnus
- Gracillis
Pectineus
-Adductors and Hip Flexors
O. Pubis
I. Femur; the pectineal (spiral) line
A. Hip adductor and flexor
Adductor Longus
-Adductors and Hip Flexors
O. Pubis near the pubis symphysis
I. Linea aspera of femur
A. Hip adductor flexor
Adductor Brevis
-Adductors and Hip Flexors
O. Pubis
I. Upper third of linea aspera of the femur
A. Hip adductor and flexor
Adductor Magnus
-Adductors and Hip Flexors
O. Pubis, ramus of ischium, ischeal tuberosity
I. Posterior shaft of the femur
A. Hip adductor, anterior part of muscle flexes the hip, posterior part extends the hip (acts as a hamstring muscle)
Gracillis
-Adductors and Hip Flexors
O. Pubis
I. Medial side of the tibia
A. Hip adductor, hip flexor, knee flexor
Hip Extensors
Gluteal muscles:
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
*medius/minimus primarily responsible for maintaining a level pelvic girdle when in a uni-leg support position such as walking/running
Hamstring muscles:
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Biceps femoris
*hamstrings are knee flexors
Gluteus maximus
-Hip Extensor
O. Sacrum and gluteal surface of the ilium
I. Approximately 1/4 to gluteal tuberosity, 3/4 to iliotibial band
A. Powerful hip extensor; hip lateral rotation
Gluteus medius
-Hip Extensor
O. Gluteal surface of the ilium
I. Greater trochanter of the femur
A. Hip abductor and medial rotator
Gluteus minimus
-Hip Extensor
O. Gluteal surface of the ilium
I. Greater trochanter of the femur
A. Hip abductor and medial rotator
Semimembranosus
-Hip Extensor
O. Ischial tuberosity
I. Medial side of tibia
A. Extend hip and flex knee
Semitendinosus
-Hip Extensor
O. Ischial tuberosity
I. Medial side of tibia
A. Extend hip and flex the knee
Biceps femoris
-Hip Extensor
O. Long head - Ischial tuberosity
O. Short head - Posterior lateral side of the femur
I. Head of fibula
A. Long head: extension of the hip; long and short heads: flexion of the knee
Tensor Fascia Lata
-Hip Extensor
O. Tuberosity on crest of the ilium
I. Iliotibial band
A. Hip abductor and medial rotator (when tightened it will put tension of the iliotibial band and give lateral support to the knee)
Hip Lateral Rotators
-series of 6 muscles that laterally rotate the hip
Hip Flexor/Knee Extensors
-Hip Flexor/Knee Extensors
Quadricep muscles:
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedialis
Vastus medialis
-Hip Flexor/Knee Extensors/Quadricep
O. Medial aspect of femur
I. Patella
A. Knee extension
Vastus lateralis
-Hip Flexor/Knee Extensors/Quadricep
O. Lateral aspect of femur
I. Patella
A. Knee extension
Vastus intermedialis
-Hip Flexor/Knee Extensors/Quadricep
O. Anterior surface of the femur
I. Patella
A. Knee extension
Knee Flexors
- Gastrocnemius
- Popliteus
- Plantaris
- Hamstrings
Ankle Plantar Flexors
- Soleus
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
**grouped in a deep posterior compartment of the leg and tendons crossing ankle joint are held in place by retinacula and encased in synovial tubes/tunnels
Ankle Dorsi Flexors
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
Gastrocnemius
-Knee Flexor
O. Just above the medial and lateral femoral condyles
I. Calcaneus - achilles tendon
A. Knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
Popliteus
-Knee Flexor
O. Just above the lateral femoral condyle
I. Upper posterior surface of the tibia
A. Laterally rotates femur to unlock the knee so it can flex
Plantaris
-Knee Flexor
O. Just above lateral femoral condyle; under gastrocnemius
I. Calcaneus - achilles tendon
A. Knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
Soleus
-Ankle Plantar Flexor
O. Posterior surface of the fibula and tibia; deep to the plantaris and gastrocnemius
I. Calcaneus - achilles tendon
A. Ankle plantar flexion
**only a plantar flexor, but grouped with gastrocnemius and plantaris in the group of 3 posterior superficial leg muscles
Tibialis Posterior
-Ankle Plantar Flexor
O. Posterior tibia, fibula, and interosseus membrane
I. Broad attachment on the plantar surface of the foot
A. Ankle plantar flexion and inversion
Flexor Digitorum Longus
-Ankle Plantar Flexor
O. Posterior surface of tibia
I. Distal phalanges of lateral four digits
A. ankle plantar flexion; flexion of toes 2-5
Flexor Hallucis Longus
-Ankle Plantar Flexor
O. Posterior inferior surface of the fibula
I. Distal phalanx of big toe
A. Ankle plantar flexion, flexor great toe
Tibialis anterior
-Ankle Dorsi Flexor
O. Anterior upper shaft of the tibia
I. Base of 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
A. Ankle doors flexion, ankle inversion
Extensor digitorum longus
-Ankle Dorsi Flexor
O. Upper prtion of tibia and anterior shaft of fibula and interosseus membrane
I. Dorsal expansion (like hand) on lateral four digits
A. Ankle dorsi flexion, extension of toes
Extensor hallucis longus
-Ankle Dorsi Flexor
O. Anterior surface of fibula and interosseus membrane
I. Distal phalanx of the big toe
A. Ankle dorsi flexion and extension of the great toe
Ankle Evertors and Plantar Flexors
- Peronius longus
- Peroneus brevis
Peronius longus
Ankle Evertors and Plantar Flexor
O. Lateral side of the fibula
I. Plantar surface of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A. Ankle eversion and plantar flexion
Peroneus brevis
Ankle Evertors and Plantar Flexor
O. Lateral shaft of fibula
I. Base of 5th metatarsal
A. Ankle eversion and plantar flexion
Ankle Evertors and Dorsi Flexors
Peroneus Tertius
Peroneus Tertius
Ankle Evertors and Dorsi Flexor
O. Distal surface of fibula
I. Base of 5th metatarsal
A. Ankle eversion and dorsi flexion
Toe Extensors and Dorsi Flexors
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
Intrinsic muscles of the foot
- arranged in layers
- each muscle has a name and theoretically specific function
- all work together to produce movement required
Extensor digitorum longus
-Toe Extensors and Dorsi Flexor
O. Lateral anterior surface of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
I. Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
A. Toe extension; dorsi flexion
Extensor digitorum longus
-Toe Extensors and Dorsi Flexor
O. Anterior surface of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane
I. Distal phalanx of great toe
A. Toe extension; dorsi flexion
