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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal muscle

A

cylindrical and very long, striated, not branched, multinucleate, and controlled by the somatic nervous system

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2
Q

Smooth muscle

A

spindle shaped and short, not striated or branched, single nucleus, controlled by autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

1 main task: convert chemical energy from ATP to the mechanical energy of motion

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4
Q

functions of muscles

A

movement, stability, control, and heat production

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5
Q

movement

A

whole body, individual parts, and body contents

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6
Q

stability

A

maintain posture, resist gravity, and stabilize joints

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7
Q

control

A

muscles control body openings and passages

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8
Q

heat production

A

skeletal muscles produce up to 85% of body heat

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9
Q

myofibril

A

an organelle found in skeletal muscle cells, responsible for contraction. arranged around axis of muscle fiber and fill the sarcoplasm

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10
Q

sarcomere

A

repeating units that make up the myofibril, could contain up to 10,000 sarcomeres

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11
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum that wraps around the myofibril and stores Ca(2+)

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12
Q

terminal cisternae

A

enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, 1 transverse tubule lies btwn two terminal cisternae

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13
Q

transverse tubule

A

tunnel of the sarcolemma that encircle the myofibrils

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14
Q

triad

A

composed of one t-tubule that lies btwn 2 terminal cisternae

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15
Q

nuclei

A

located peripherally in skeletal muscle fibers, just beneath the sarcolemma

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16
Q

sarcoplasm

A

the name given to the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

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17
Q

sacrolemma

A

the name given to the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

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18
Q

muscle fiber

A

muscle cell

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19
Q

endomysium

A

sheath of loose areolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber

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20
Q

fascicle

A

subsection with the whole muscle composed of a bundle of muscle fibers

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21
Q

perimysium

A

sheath of a connective tissue that covers each fascicle

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22
Q

epimysium

A

connective tissue that covers the entire muscle, they blend into tendons and enclose fascicles

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23
Q

tendon

A

band of dense regular connective tissue that anchors the muscle to the bone

24
Q

sarcomere structure

A

Z-disc, M-line, H-band, A-band, I-band

25
Q

Z-disk

A

protein disc where thin filaments and elastic fibers are anchored, also the end of sarcomeres

26
Q

M-line

A

the middle of the sarcomere; origin of the thick filaments

27
Q

H-band

A

region in the center of the sarcomere with only thick filaments; thin filaments do not reach this far in relaxed muscle

28
Q

A-band

A

the region of parallel thick filaments in the sarcomere

29
Q

I-band

A

the region of thin filaments that is found toward the end of the sarcomere; the I-band overlaps the ends of two sarcomeres lying next to each other.

30
Q

Muscle striations

A

seen in muscle and come from the overlapping and single sections of thick and thin filaments

31
Q

Contraction

A

possible because of bands sliding, the Z-discs are pulled toward each other which shortens the H and I bands.

32
Q

Neuromuscular Joints

A

areas where the neurons meet the muscle fibers and are responsible for communication

33
Q

Nerve Cells

A

attach to the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber, signals are released and received by the T-tubule, which initiate the desired action

34
Q

Origin of Muscle Location

A

bony site of attachment at the more stationary end

35
Q

Muscle Insertions

A

found at the more mobile end

36
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

ORIGIN: anteriror inferior iliac spine, margin of acetebulum. INSERTION: tibial tuberosity, patella. ACTION: extends the knee.

37
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

ORIGIN: line aspera of femur. INSERTION: tibial tuberosity, patella. ACTION extends the knee

38
Q

vastus lateralis

A

ORIGIN: greater trochanter and line aspera of femur. INSERTION: tibial tuberosity, patella, ACTION: extends the knee

39
Q

Biceps femoris

A

ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur. INSERTION: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia. ACTION: flexes knee, extends thigh

40
Q

Adductor longus

A

ORIGIN: pubis. INSERTION: linea aspera of femur. ACTION: adducts thigh

41
Q

Adductor magnus

A

ORIGIN: pubis and ischial tuberosity. INSERTION: line aspera of femur. ACTION: adducts thigh

42
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

ORIGIN: condyles of femur. INSERTION: calcaneus. ACTION: plantar flexion

43
Q

Fibularis longus

A

ORIGIN: head and lateral surface of fibula. INSERTION: medial cuneiform, metatarsal I. ACTION: plantar flexion, foot eversion.

44
Q

Masseter

A

ORIGIN: zygomatic arch. INSERTION: angle of mandible. ACTION: elevates mandible

45
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

ORIGIN: manubrium of sternum, medial clavicle. INSERTION: mastoid process of temporal bone. ACTION: neck flexion, head rotation

46
Q

pectoralis minor

A

ORIGIN: ribs 3-5. INSERTION: coracoid process of scapula. ACTION: pulls scapula forward and inferior

47
Q

Deltoid

A

ORIGIN: lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. INSERTION: deltoid tuberosity of humorous. ACTION: arm abduction and rotation.

48
Q

biceps brachii

A

ORIGIN: coracoid process of scapula, margin of glenoid cavity. INSERTION: radial tuberosity. ACTION: supination of foramen, flexion of elbow.

49
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

ORIGIN: pubis. INSERTION: xiphoid process, costal cartilage 5-7. ACTION: flexion of lumbar vertebral column.

50
Q

parallel bundles of myofilaments make up

A

myofibrils

51
Q

parallel bundles of myofibrils make up

A

one muscle fiber

52
Q

this wraps each muscle fiber

A

endomysium

53
Q

parallel bundles of muscle fibers make up

54
Q

this wraps each fascicle

A

perimysium

55
Q

parallel bundles of fascicles make up

A

whole muscle

56
Q

this wraps the whole muscle

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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