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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Physiology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

skeletal muscle

A

cylindrical and very long, striated, not branched, multinucleate, and controlled by the somatic nervous system

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2
Q

Smooth muscle

A

spindle shaped and short, not striated or branched, single nucleus, controlled by autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

1 main task: convert chemical energy from ATP to the mechanical energy of motion

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4
Q

functions of muscles

A

movement, stability, control, and heat production

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5
Q

movement

A

whole body, individual parts, and body contents

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6
Q

stability

A

maintain posture, resist gravity, and stabilize joints

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7
Q

control

A

muscles control body openings and passages

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8
Q

heat production

A

skeletal muscles produce up to 85% of body heat

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9
Q

myofibril

A

an organelle found in skeletal muscle cells, responsible for contraction. arranged around axis of muscle fiber and fill the sarcoplasm

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10
Q

sarcomere

A

repeating units that make up the myofibril, could contain up to 10,000 sarcomeres

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11
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum that wraps around the myofibril and stores Ca(2+)

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12
Q

terminal cisternae

A

enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, 1 transverse tubule lies btwn two terminal cisternae

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13
Q

transverse tubule

A

tunnel of the sarcolemma that encircle the myofibrils

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14
Q

triad

A

composed of one t-tubule that lies btwn 2 terminal cisternae

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15
Q

nuclei

A

located peripherally in skeletal muscle fibers, just beneath the sarcolemma

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16
Q

sarcoplasm

A

the name given to the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

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17
Q

sacrolemma

A

the name given to the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

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18
Q

muscle fiber

A

muscle cell

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19
Q

endomysium

A

sheath of loose areolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber

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20
Q

fascicle

A

subsection with the whole muscle composed of a bundle of muscle fibers

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21
Q

perimysium

A

sheath of a connective tissue that covers each fascicle

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22
Q

epimysium

A

connective tissue that covers the entire muscle, they blend into tendons and enclose fascicles

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23
Q

tendon

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A

band of dense regular connective tissue that anchors the muscle to the bone

24
Q

sarcomere structure

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A

Z-disc, M-line, H-band, A-band, I-band

25
Z-disk
protein disc where thin filaments and elastic fibers are anchored, also the end of sarcomeres
26
M-line
the middle of the sarcomere; origin of the thick filaments
27
H-band
region in the center of the sarcomere with only thick filaments; thin filaments do not reach this far in relaxed muscle
28
A-band
the region of parallel thick filaments in the sarcomere
29
I-band
the region of thin filaments that is found toward the end of the sarcomere; the I-band overlaps the ends of two sarcomeres lying next to each other.
30
Muscle striations
seen in muscle and come from the overlapping and single sections of thick and thin filaments
31
Contraction
possible because of bands sliding, the Z-discs are pulled toward each other which shortens the H and I bands.
32
Neuromuscular Joints
areas where the neurons meet the muscle fibers and are responsible for communication
33
Nerve Cells
attach to the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber, signals are released and received by the T-tubule, which initiate the desired action
34
Origin of Muscle Location
bony site of attachment at the more stationary end
35
Muscle Insertions
found at the more mobile end
36
Rectus Femoris
ORIGIN: anteriror inferior iliac spine, margin of acetebulum. INSERTION: tibial tuberosity, patella. ACTION: extends the knee.
37
Vastus Medialis
ORIGIN: line aspera of femur. INSERTION: tibial tuberosity, patella. ACTION extends the knee
38
vastus lateralis
ORIGIN: greater trochanter and line aspera of femur. INSERTION: tibial tuberosity, patella, ACTION: extends the knee
39
Biceps femoris
ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur. INSERTION: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia. ACTION: flexes knee, extends thigh
40
Adductor longus
ORIGIN: pubis. INSERTION: linea aspera of femur. ACTION: adducts thigh
41
Adductor magnus
ORIGIN: pubis and ischial tuberosity. INSERTION: line aspera of femur. ACTION: adducts thigh
42
Gastrocnemius
ORIGIN: condyles of femur. INSERTION: calcaneus. ACTION: plantar flexion
43
Fibularis longus
ORIGIN: head and lateral surface of fibula. INSERTION: medial cuneiform, metatarsal I. ACTION: plantar flexion, foot eversion.
44
Masseter
ORIGIN: zygomatic arch. INSERTION: angle of mandible. ACTION: elevates mandible
45
sternocleidomastoid
ORIGIN: manubrium of sternum, medial clavicle. INSERTION: mastoid process of temporal bone. ACTION: neck flexion, head rotation
46
pectoralis minor
ORIGIN: ribs 3-5. INSERTION: coracoid process of scapula. ACTION: pulls scapula forward and inferior
47
Deltoid
ORIGIN: lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. INSERTION: deltoid tuberosity of humorous. ACTION: arm abduction and rotation.
48
biceps brachii
ORIGIN: coracoid process of scapula, margin of glenoid cavity. INSERTION: radial tuberosity. ACTION: supination of foramen, flexion of elbow.
49
Rectus abdominis
ORIGIN: pubis. INSERTION: xiphoid process, costal cartilage 5-7. ACTION: flexion of lumbar vertebral column.
50
parallel bundles of myofilaments make up
myofibrils
51
parallel bundles of myofibrils make up
one muscle fiber
52
this wraps each muscle fiber
endomysium
53
parallel bundles of muscle fibers make up
fascicle
54
this wraps each fascicle
perimysium
55
parallel bundles of fascicles make up
whole muscle
56
this wraps the whole muscle
epimysium

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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