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CTB > Skeletal muscle > Flashcards

Skeletal muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Types of muscle

A

akeletal, cardiac and smooth

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2
Q

Muscle contractions occur through the interaction of two proteins:

A

actin and myosin

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3
Q

Muscle is derived from what germ layer?

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

Muscle cells are called

A

myofibre

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5
Q

myoblasts fuse to form ___

A

myotubes

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6
Q

What are satellite cells

A

stem cells that can undergo proliferation in response to muscle damage

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7
Q

How many nuclei in skeletal muscle cells?

A

multi-nucleated

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8
Q

location of skeletal muscle cell nuclei

A

perpheral

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9
Q

Shape of skeletal muscle cells

A

long, cylindrical and of uniform diameter

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10
Q

Why are skeletal muscle cells striated?

A

due to ordered arrangement of actin and myosin filaments

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11
Q

contraction of which muscle is under voluntary control?

A

skeletal

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12
Q

3 layers of connective tissue in skeletal muscle

A
  1. endomysium
  2. perimysium
  3. epimysium
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13
Q

endomysium

A

fine layer of CT surrounding each myofibre

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14
Q

perimysium

A

bundles fibres into a collection called a fascicle

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15
Q

epimysium

A

bundles fascicles into a whole muscle (continuous with tendon)

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16
Q

functions of skeletal muscle CT

A

transfers forces from myofibres to tendon. Carries within it the blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscle

17
Q

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A
  • x-linked degenerative disease
  • caused by defect in dystrophin gene
  • muscle degeneration, immobility, resp failure
  • more liely to develop OCD, autism, hyperactivity
18
Q

Each myofibre consists of numerous ____

A

myofibrils

19
Q

___ is the functional unit of individual myofibrils

A

sarcomere

20
Q

a single sarcomere extends from where to where?

A

from one Z disc to the next

21
Q

Each sarcomere consists of overlapping ___ filaments and ___ filaments

A

Each sarcomere consists of overlapping ACTIN (THIN) filaments and MYOSIN (THICK) filaments

22
Q

Sliding filament theory

A
  • filaments do not change length during contraction

- contractions occur when filaments slide past eachother

23
Q

Sarcomere shortens in length in response to

A

ncrease in Ca++ released from SR in response to depolarization of membrane

24
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder caused by reduction in percent of functional ACh receptors

  • binding of antibodies against ACh receptors
  • weakening of actie muscels in face, eyes, tongue
25
Q

Define muscle atrophy

A

decrease in size in individual muscle cells that occurs as a result of disuse or damage to nerve that innervates the muscle

26
Q

Muscle hypertrophy

A

increase in size of individual muscle cells that can occur as a result of exercise

27
Q

muscle that forms the walls of the heart

A

cardiac muscle

28
Q

cardiac muscle cells connected end to end by ___

A

intercalated disks

29
Q

disks are sites of attachment of cells to eachother (_____) and communication between cells (____)

A

disks are sites of attachment of cells to eachother (DESMOSOMES) and communication between cells (GAP JUNCTIONS)

30
Q

up to 40% of volume of cardiac muscle is made up of

A

mitochondria

31
Q

Nuclei of cardiac muscles

A

1 or 2 per cell, centrally located

32
Q

What are the names of the modified muscle fibres in CT that conduct impulses within the heart?

A

Purkinge fibres

33
Q

Shape of smooth muscle

A

spindle

34
Q

nuclei in smooth muscle

A

single elongated nucleus

35
Q

smooth muscle is found where?

A

in walls of hollow structures (GI tract, respiratory tract, and circulatory system)

36
Q

Slow, sustained and involuntary contractions of smooth muscle are regulated by ____

A

autonomic nervous system

CTB (7 decks)

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