Skeletal joints Flashcards
Which of the following
tissues/structures resists
both compression and
tension?
A. Ligament
B. Tendon
C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage
1________ allow bones to
grow in length
While growth in
width occurs via 2 __________.
- growth plates
- Appositional growth
What is the basic structural unit of compact bone?
The osteon (Haversian system), which consists of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves.
What are the two main types of bone tissue
Compact bone (dense, strong, outer layer) a
Cancellous bone (trabecular, porous, found at ends of long bones).
How do osteocytes communicate with each other?
Through canaliculi, tiny channels that allow nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes in lacunae.
How does bone maintain homeostasis?
Through bone remodeling, where osteoblasts form new bone and osteoclasts break down old bone, keeping bone strong and regulating calcium levels.
What is osteoporosis?
A condition where bone resorption outpaces bone formation, leading to weak, porous bones and an increased risk of fractures. (happend do to not exercising and look after body aswell as age)
DFCT stands for…
Dense Fiberious connective tissue
What is Hyaline
Thin glass like layer that lies ontop of joint areas of joints in Synovial joints, helps with smooth joints movement and cushioning
What is a joint capsule, and what are its key functions
A fibrous structure that encloses around a synovial joint, providing stability while allowing movement. It also produces synovial fluid for lubrication
Which part(s) of synovial joint hold bones together
Ligament, joint capsule
Which part(s) of synovial joint ensure frictionless movement
Smooth bone ends, hyaline, synovial fluid
Examples of DFCT
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Joint capsules
Examples of Cartilage
- Hyaline (articular)
- Fibrocartilage
A joint…
-Holds bone together
-Involves bone ends
-Involves soft tissues
-Allows control of movement
Epiphyses start to turn from cartilage to bone in ___ ossification centres
Secondary
What type of joint are sutures in the skull?
Fibrous joint (no movement)
What is the primary function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?
To cover the bones at the joint, reducing friction and absorbing shock
What is the primary function of ligaments in synovial joints?
To stabilize the joint and prevent excessive movement
Which joint disorder is caused by wear and tear of joint cartilage?
Osteoarthritis
(A degenerative joint disease causing cartilage breakdown and pain.)
What joint allows the “no” motion of the head?
atlantoaxial joint
Which involves shaking the head from side to side.
What joint allows the “Yes” motion of the head?
atlanto-occipital joint
(Atlanto- Oc-sip-it-all)
bony conquence is
how well two bones fit together, low BC means high soft tissue i.e. knee
cartilaginous joint
Joints with Hyaline cartalage
Or
fibrocartilage i.e. menisci in knee, some mobility
ellipsoid joint
biaxial circumduction i.e. wrist
saddle joint is…
biaxial + circumduction and obligatory rotation opposition i.e thumb
human body water percentage
50% female, 60% male
periosteum
outside layer of bone allowing penetration of blood into bone
endosteum
inside membrane of the bone where osteoclasts live
______ is the
primary ossification
centre
Diaphysis (shaft)
What happens to Epiphyses during primary ossifcation
Epiphyses remain cartilage
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Sus!
