Muscles and functions Flashcards
What is a first-class lever in the human body?
A lever where the fulcrum is between the effort and the load, like a seesaw. Example: The head moving on the neck (atlanto-occipital joint
What is a second-class lever in the human body?
A lever where the load is between the fulcrum and the effort, like a wheelbarrow. Example: Standing on tiptoes (gastrocnemius acting at the ankle).
What is a third-class lever in the human body?
A lever where the effort is between the fulcrum and the load, like a fishing rod. Example: Biceps brachii flexing the elbow.
What is a stabiliser muscle?
A muscle that contracts to hold a body part steady, preventing unwanted movement. Example: Core muscles stabilising the spine during lifting.
What is a neutraliser muscle?
A muscle that prevents unwanted movement by counteracting another muscle’s action. Example: Pronator teres neutralising supination when the biceps flex the elbow.
What is the primary function and origin of the biceps brachii?
Elbow flexion and forearm supination.
In Front of upper arm
Origin is scapula
What is the primary function, origin and position of the triceps brachii?
Elbow extension.
Back of upper arm
Origin-Scapular and humerus
What is the primary function, origin and position of the deltoid?
Shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension.
Top of shoulder
Origin-Sapula & Clavicle
What is the primary function, Origin and location of the iliopsoas?
Hip flexion.
Front of hip, deep inside pelvis
Origin-Ilium and lumbar Vertebrae
Gluteus maximus Function, Origin & Location?
Hip extension & external rotation
Buttocks.
Origin-Ilium & sacrum
Quadriceps femoris, Origin Function & Location?
Hip Flexion (rectus femoris)
& Knee extension
These muscle are on Front of thigh.
Origin of Rectus femoris = ilium
Origin of Vastus medialus and lateralis = Femur
Hamstrings – Function,Origin & Location?
Hip extension
& Knee flexion
Back of thigh.
Origin * Ischium (+ femur for biceps femoris)
Tibialis anterior – Function & Location?
Ankle dorsiflexion
Front of lower leg
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Tibialis anterior – Function,Origin & Location?
Ankle dorsiflexion
Front of lower leg.
Origin- Condyles of femur (Gastrocnemius)
Origin- Tibia & fibula (Soleus)
Triceps surae (gastrocnemius & soleus) – Function & Location?
Ankle plantarflexion (primary)
Knee Flexion (secondary)
Back of lower leg (calf).
Where is the gastrocnemius muscle located and whats its function
Posterior compartment of the lower leg (Triceps surae)
(Plantarflexion) of the foot at the ankle and flexion of the knee.
Describe double support in the gait cycle?
Both feet are in stance phase (on ground)
What muscles are Agonists in knee flexion
Hamstrings (Primary)
& Gastronecnemius (Triceps surae)
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