skeletal Cards

Question 1

Functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 1

Support and protection
Body Movement
Produces blood cells
Storage of minerals and fats

Question 2

Support and Protection

Answer 2

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are the gross functions—those visible by observation. Simply by looking at a person, you can see how the bones support, facilitate movement, and protect the human body.

Question 3

Body Movement

Answer 3

Bones also facilitate movement by serving as points of attachment for your muscles. While some bones only serve as a support for the muscles, others also transmit the forces produced when your muscles contract.

Question 4

Produce Blood Cells and Storage of Minerals and Fats

Answer 4

Bone also serves as a site for fat storage and blood cell production. The softer connective tissue that fills the interior of most bone is referred to as bone marrow. There are two types of bone marrow: yellow marrow and red marrow.

Question 5

Axial Skeleton (made up of 80 bones)

Answer 5

Head and trunk of vertebrate
Central axis of human skeleton
Supports the upright position and protects internal organs
Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

Question 6

Appendicular Skeleton (made up of 126 bones)

Answer 6

Portion of the skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support appendages
Limbs
Aid in the movement of the body
Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

Question 7

Medullary Cavity

Answer 7

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

Question 8

Compact

Answer 8

wall of the diaphysis

Question 9

Spongy

Answer 9

cancellous, epiphysis

Question 10

Joints

Answer 10

A joint, also called an articulation, is any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together (articulate with each other) to form a connection.

Question 11

fibrous joint

Answer 11

is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective tissue.

Question 12

cartilaginous joint

Answer 12

the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Question 13

synovial joint

Answer 13

the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly connected, but instead come into contact with each other within a joint cavity that is filled with a lubricating fluid.

Question 14

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 14

An amphiarthrosis is a joint that has limited mobility

Question 15

Diarthrosis

Answer 15

A freely mobile joint is classified as a diarthrosis.

Question 16

Synovial Joints

Answer 16

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint that is not seen at fibrous or cartilaginous joints is the presence of a joint cavity.

Question 17

Pivot Joint

Answer 17

At a pivot joint, a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament.

Question 18

Hinge Joint

Answer 18

In a hinge joint, the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone. This type of joint allows only for bending and straightening motions along a single axis, and thus hinge joints are functionally classified as uniaxial joints.

Question 19

Saddle Joint

Answer 19

At a saddle joint, both of the articulating surfaces for the bones have a saddle shape, which is concave in one direction and convex in the other. This allows the two bones to fit together like a rider sitting on a saddle. Saddle joints are functionally classified as biaxial joints.

Question 20

Plane Joint

Answer 20

At a plane joint (gliding joint), the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size, which allows the bones to slide against each other. The motion at this type of joint is usually small and tightly constrained by surrounding ligaments.

Question 21

Condyloid Joint

Answer 21

At a condyloid joint (ellipsoid joint), the shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone or bones.

Question 22

Ball and Socket Joints

Answer 22

The joint with the greatest range of motion is the ball-and-socket joint. At these joints, the rounded head of one bone (the ball) fits into the concave articulation (the socket) of the adjacent bone. The hip joint and the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint are the only ball-and-socket joints of the body.

Question 23

Flexion/Extension

Answer 23

Movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves a posterior-directed motion, such as straightening from a flexed position or bending backward.

Question 24

Adduction/Abduction/Circumduction

Answer 24

Adduction- Moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
Abduction- Brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
Circumduction- Movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.

Question 25

Rotation

Answer 25

Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint.

Question 26

Supination/Pronation

Answer 26

Pronation is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.
Supination is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.

Question 27

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

Answer 27

Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion, while lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion.

Question 28

Inversion/Eversion

Answer 28

Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

Question 29

Protraction/Retraction

Answer 29

Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball.
Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.

Question 30

Depression/Elevation

Answer 30

The upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression. These movements are used to shrug your shoulders.

Question 31

Opposition/Reposition

Answer 31

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Thumb opposition is produced by a combination of flexion and abduction of the thumb at this joint.
Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger is called reposition.

Question 32

How many bones are in the cranium?

Answer 32

22

Question 33

What is the only movable bone in your skull?

Answer 33

mandible (lower jaw)

Question 34

What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?

Answer 34

cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, coccygeal vertebrae

Question 35

cervical vertebrae

Answer 35

there are seven cervical vertebrae, each designated with the letter “C” followed by its number.

Question 36

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 36

12 thoracic vertebrae, designated T1–T12.

Question 37

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 37

The lower back contains the five lumbar vertebrae.

Question 38

sacral vertebrae

Answer 38

The single sacrum, which is also part of the pelvis, is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae.

Question 39

coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 39

Similarly, the coccyx, or tailbone, results from the fusion of four small coccygeal vertebrae.

Question 40

Scoliosis

Answer 40

Scoliosis is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column. Scoliosis is the most common vertebral abnormality among girls.

Question 41

Kyphosis

Answer 41

Kyphosis, also referred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region.

Question 42

Lordosis

Answer 42

Lordosis, or swayback, is an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.

Question 43

What does the thoracic cage protect?

Answer 43

The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.

Question 44

Costal cartilage

Answer 44

costal cartilage. These cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage and can extend for several inches.

Question 45

Three types of ribs, and how many of each?

Answer 45

true ribs (vertebrosternal ribs). The costal cartilage from each of these ribs attaches directly to the sternum. false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. floating ribs (vertebral ribs). These are short ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all.

Question 46

Main bones of the pectoral girdle

Answer 46

Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

Question 47

Humerus (describe its location)

Answer 47

the arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow.

Question 48

Radius (describe its location)

Answer 48

extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna.

Question 49

Ulna (describe its location)

Answer 49

one of the two forearm long bones

Question 50

Carpals (describe its location)

Answer 50

the eight small bones that make up the wrist

Question 51

Metacarpals (describe its location)

Answer 51

the intermediate part of the skeletal hand located between the phalanges of the fingers

Question 52

Phalanges (describe its location)

Answer 52

the tubular bones of the fingers and thumb.

Question 53

Femur (describe its location)

Answer 53

the longest and strongest bone in your body.

Question 54

Tibia (describe its location)

Answer 54

located in the lower leg.

Question 55

Fibula (describe its location)

Answer 55

located in the lower leg.

Question 56

Tarsals (describe its location)

Answer 56

They are situated proximally in the foot in the ankle area.

Question 57

Metatarsals (describe its location)

Answer 57

five long bones found in each foot.

Question 58

Open Fracture:

Answer 58

A fracture in which the bone breaks through the skin and can be seen outside the leg. Or there is a deep wound that exposes the bone through the skin. This is also called a compound fracture.

Question 59

Closed Fracture

Answer 59

A fracture that does not break the skin. This is also called a simple fracture.

Question 60

Transverse Fracture

Answer 60

Transverse fractures are breaks that are in a straight line across the bone. This type of fracture may be caused by traumatic events like falls or automobile accidents.

Question 61

Spiral Fracture

Answer 61

As the name suggests, this is a kind of fracture that spirals around the bone. Spiral fractures occur in long bones in the body, usually in the femur, tibia, or fibula in the legs. However, they can occur in the long bones of the arms. Spiral fractures are caused by twisting injuries sustained during sports, during a physical attack, or in an accident.

Question 62

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 62

A comminuted fracture is one in which the bone is broken into 3 or more pieces. There are also bone fragments present at the fracture site. These types of bone fractures occur when there is a high-impact trauma, such as an automobile accident.

Question 63

Impacted Fracture

Answer 63

An impacted fracture occurs when the broken ends of the bone are driven together. The pieces are jammed together by the force of the injury that caused the fracture.

Question 64

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 64

This is a partial fracture that occurs mostly in children. The bone bends and breaks but does not separate into two separate pieces. Children are most likely to experience this type of fracture because their bones are softer and more flexible.

Question 65

Oblique Fracture

Answer 65

An oblique fracture is when the break is diagonal across the bone. This kind of fracture occurs most often in long bones. Oblique fractures may be the result of a sharp blow that comes from an angle due to a fall or other trauma.