Integumentary System Flashcards
Integumentary System
Encloses internal body structures; site of many sensory receptors; thermoregulation; vitamin D synthesis
Function #1 - Protection
The skin protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.
Sensory Function
The fact that you can feel an ant crawling on your skin, allowing you to flick it off before it bites, is because the skin, and especially the hairs projecting from hair follicles in the skin, can sense changes in the environment.
Thermoregulation
The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses
Vitamin D Synthesis
The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation. In the presence of sunlight, a form of vitamin D3 called cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin. Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones.
Skin
The skin is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue. The deeper layer of skin is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels). It also has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain.
Keratinocyte
The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from the deeper layers
Keratin
is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.
Stratum basale
Deepest epidermal layer (the base) and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis.
Stratum spinosum
spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome.
Stratum lucidum
A smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum.
Stratum corneum
he most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment. The increased keratinization (also called cornification) of the cells in this layer gives it its name. There are usually 15 to 30 layers of cells in the stratum corneum.
Dermis
The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that compose an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and elastin fibers of this layer form a loose mesh.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective tissue.
Hypodermis
The hypodermis (also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for the integument.
Hair
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells.
hair follicle.
Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis
hair shaft
he part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface.
hair root.
The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin
thick skin
layers 1-5
Thin skin
layers 1,3,4,5
5 layers of epidermis
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
free edge
the distal end portion of the nail that has grown beyond the end of the finger or toe.
lunula
a thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix forms a crescent-shaped region
cuticle
the outermost layer made of keratinocytes.
nail root
This portion of the nail is actually beneath the skin behind the fingernail and extends several millimeters into the finger.
pores
contain sebaceous glands (also called oil glands) that make sebum, an oil that moistens your hair and skin.
eccrine sweat glands
These produce sweat that is composed chiefly of water (99%) with various salts. The primary function is body temperature regulation.
apocrine sweat glands
continuously secrete a fatty sweat into the gland tubule.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Skin cancer on face and neck usually Symptoms: growth sore that doesn’t go away Treatment: Surgery
Melanoma
Type of skin cancer coming from melanocytes that grow out of control (too much sun) Symptoms: spots Treatment: keamo or surgery
Eczema
skin condition with itchiness and rashes, mostly genetic, Treatments include avoiding things that irritate skin and get ointments
Acne
Hair follicles are clogged with oil and dirt/ dead skin cells
1st degree burns
only involve top layer of the skin, Redness and pain are the symptoms and you can treat it by keeping out of sun and hydrated
2nd degree burns
outer layer of the skin and some of the inner layer, skin painful to the touch and looks wet. Treat with ointments and cool water
3rd degree burns
destroys epidermis and dermis, can damage muscles and bones, no real pain because nerve endings are destroyed, skin graft and ointments help.
4th degree burn
goes through all of the epidermis and dermis. Destroys all nerve ending. need professional help to treat
stretch marks
type of scar that appears when skin stretches or drinks too fast. no real treatment.
callus and corns
thick hardened layers of skin that develop when your skin tries to protect from friction or pressure. treatment: avoid actions that make them happen
Squamous cell cancer
caused by sun exposer overtime, need to protect skin at all cost. found in dermis. flaky skin
