Skeletal And Muscular Flashcards
What does a synergist do?
Facilitates or compliments the prime movers movement.
E.g coracobrachialis supports the bicep muscle.
What does an antagonist do?
Opposes the prime mover, when the prime mover contracts antagonist relaxes.
E.g the tricep is the antagonist to the bicep during bicep curl.
What is a prime mover?
It is the major force for specific movements.
E.g bicep during a bicep curl.
What is a first class lever system?
Arrangement: load, fulcrum, effort
Raises head off chest
What is a second class lever system?
Arrangement: fulcrum, load, effort
When standing on tiptoes
What is a third class lever system?
Arrangement: load, effort, fulcrum
Flexing bicep
What happens to the origin during contraction?
The origin does not move.
What happens to insertion during contraction?
In most cases, insertion moves towards origin.
What part of the muscle contracts?
The belly of the muscle.
What are the four functions of the muscle?
Maintain posture: erector spinae muscle keeps vertebrae upright.
Heat generation: shivering to keep the body warm.
Movement: blood.
Stabilises joints: deltoid muscle stabilises shoulder joint.
Range of motion for a hinge joint?
Flexing and extension.
E.g knee joint.
Range of motion for ball and socket joint?
Flexing, extension, abduction, addiction, curcumduction, rotation.
E.g shoulder joint and hip joint.
Range of motion for pivot joint?
The turning of the bone around its longitudinal axis.
E.g turning of the head.
What is the function of spongey bone?
Where blood cells are made, where red bone marrow is stored.
What is the structure of spongey bone?
Open network of trabiculae, has spaces containing red bone marrow.
What is the function of compact bone?
Provides protection and support, it helps long bone to resist stress.
What is the structure of compact bone?
It is arranged in layers of bone around central blood vessels, contains very few spaces, highly vascular.
What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?
Protection- skull protects brain
Movement- bones move together with muscles and joints
Support- legs support the whole body
Mineral storage- calcium, phosphate
Blood cell production- in red bone marrow
Fuel storage- yellow bone marrow
