Chemical Composition Flashcards
Ingredients in tinting products
Vegetable dye, small molecules of toluene diamine
Hydrogen peroxide 10 vol 3%
Explain how oxidation occurs and one example
Oxidation is the chemical reaction which occurs when substances combine with oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide mixed with vegetable dye and oxygen.
How and why does tanning occur
Melanin or pigmentation builds up to reduce the penetration of uv rays
Give two physical symptoms of a person with a long term sun exposure tan
Solar lentigines, hyper pigmentation.
How and why does photoaging occur
Uv rays penetrate the dermis, damaging the protein supporting fibres.
Give two symptoms of photo aging
Loss of elasticity, loss of tone, wrinkling of the skin.
What fibres are damaged by photo aging?
Collagen and elastin
How and why does epidermal thickening occur
Stratum corneum increases in thickness reducing uv penetration. This helps protect the skin from sunburn.
Give two symptoms of epidermal thickening
Roughened skin texture, thickened areas of the skin.
What are two important properties of infrared light?
Gives off heat, not light, ranges between around 770-4000 nm in wavelength.
How is infrared light used in the clinic?
Used to heat the bodies tissues, to replace other forms of heat treatments such as saunas or steam rooms.
What are the benefits of using infrared light on the skin and body tissues?
To relax tense muscles, relieve muscular pain, increase circulation.
What are 6 health and safety rules of using infrared light?
-equipment is serviced regularly
-protective eyewear is to be worn
-equipment is sanitised thoroughly after use
-no water around equipment
-check skin type thoroughly
-all visits are recorded
What are some important angle and distance rules when using infrared therapy?
The heat lamp should be placed at a 90 degree right angle to the area being treated for maximum intensity (cosine law).
Distance from the lamp to the area treated is doubled and the intensity of the rays is quartered, intensity of the heat rapidly decreases as the distance from the heat source increases (inverse square law).
What is an anode and cathode?
Anode is a positively charged electrode.
Cathode is a negatively charged electrode.
What are some examples of UV used in the clinic?
UV sterilisation cabinet
Sun bed, skin scanner, woods lamp.
What is amperage?
The strength of the electrical current, the rate of electron flow.
What is alternating current?
A type of electrical current where Electrons oscillate as they move forward.
What are the effects of the high frequency (AC) on tissues, e.g facial machines?
When used in a facial, the effect of this on the skin is a subtle heating of the superficial tissues, bringing warmth and blood flow to the skin.
Physiological effects on the skin and body tissues after infrared radiation, how and why they occur?
Increase in circulation when the blood vessels dilate in the area being heated which provides the skin with oxygen and nutrients.
Increase in temperature relaxes the muscles and relieves pain and heat soothes the sensory nerves.
Increase in glandular activity due to increased temperature of the skin, sweat glands release sweat to cool the skin.
