Skeletal Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 categories of joints

Answer 1

Fibrous, Cartilaginous and Synovial

Question 2

List the four classification of bones, give an example for each classification and their function.

Answer 2

Short bones: metatarsals - Give strength to joints but with limited movement
Long Bones: Humerus - serves as lever for movement
Irregular Bones: Ischium - Support the body and protects internal organs
Flat Bones: Scapula - provides a broad site for muscles attachments and protect organs.

Question 3

Which Joints connects bone to one another

Answer 3

Fibrous Joints

Question 4

Which joints are separated from the bones by cartillage

Answer 4

Cartilaginous Joints

Question 5

which bones are freely movable

Answer 5

Synovial Joints

Question 6

Name the six types of synovial joints and their movement

Answer 6

Gliding - minimal movement in one plan of motion ie. fingers, toes (carpals, tarsals)
Pivot - allows rotation along a long axis Ie. radius and ulna (at the elbow) allowing pronation & supination of the forearm
Hinge - allows movement in one direction or plane of motion Ie. knee and elbow joints allowing extension and flexion
Condyloid - movement in two directions or planes ie. wrist and ankles
Saddle - movement in several direction ie. thumb
Ball and socket - movement in 3 direction ie. the shoulder and hip joint allowing circumduction.

Question 7

Describe the 3 planes of movement

Answer 7

Frontal plane: divides the anterior and posterior and allows for movement such as abduction and adduction.
Sagital plane: divide the right and left side and allows for flexion and extension/hyperextension
Tranverse plane: divide the superior and inferior parts of the body. involves twisting and rotation.

Question 8

define medial and lateral

Answer 8

medial is a body part closer to the midline of the body where lateral would be a body part farther away from the midline.

Question 9

define supine and prone

Answer 9

Supine is when the body lies face up where prone the body will be face down

Question 10

define dorsal and plantar

Answer 10

dorsal = top of the foot and plantar bottom of the foot

Question 11

define proximal and distal

Answer 11

the end of a bone or muscle closest to the midline of the body would be called proximal and the farthest end of the bone/muscle would be called distal end.

Question 12

The axial skeleton consist of….

Answer 12

80 bones total:
Skull - 29
vertabral column - 26
Thorax - 25

Question 13

The appendicular skeleton consist of….

Answer 13

126 bones:
upper limbs: 60
lower limbs - 60
Pectoral girdle - 4
Pelvic Girdle - 2

Question 14

what is osteologie?

Answer 14

the study of bones

Question 15

what is arthrology

Answer 15

the study of joints

Question 16

What are the skeletal system’s functions?

Answer 16

• support the body (provide a framework that allows the upright position)
• Allows for movement
• Protect the internal organs and soft tissues
• Stores minerals in the body and maintain mineral balance in the blood
• Forms red blood cells within the red bone marrow of the long bones
• Stores energy in the form of fat in the yellow bone marrow and adipose tissues

Question 17

terminology: when the joint angle decreased it is called…

Answer 17

Flexion

Question 18

terminology: when straightening a joint it is called

Answer 18

extension

Question 19

terminology: a movement that occurs past the normal range of motion

Answer 19

hyperextension

Question 20

terminology: circular movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension and adduction

Answer 20

circumduction

Question 21

terminology: movement produce by shrugging the shoulder

Answer 21

elevation

Question 22

terminology: movement produce when lowering the shoulders below anatomical position

Answer 22

depression

Question 23

terminology: definition of medial

Answer 23

rotating a joint internally, toward the center of the body

Question 24

terminology: definition of lateral rotation

Answer 24

rotating away from the midline of the body

Question 25

terminology: turning the forearm away from the midline of the body

Answer 25

supination

Question 26

terminology: turning the forearm internally

Answer 26

pronation

Question 27

terminology: define inversion

Answer 27

turning the inner side of the foot off the ground toward the midline of the body

Question 28

terminology: define eversion

Answer 28

turning the outer side of the foot off the ground away from the midline of the body

Question 29

terminology: which movement would pointing your foot toward the ground be?

Answer 29

plantar flexion

Question 30

terminology: describe dorsiflexion

Answer 30

flexing the foot upward so that the toes point towards the head.