Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards
What is anatomy defined as?
The study of the parts
What is physiology?
The study of the function
What is a cell?
basic unit of life
What is the heirarchy of structures within the body?
atoms –> molecules –> cells –> tissues –> organs –> organ systems
What are cells controlled by?
Innate, life force
What is the balance in a cell called?
Homeostasis
What is a strong word association for homeostasis?
Steady-state
What is the inability to maintain homeostasis called?
Disease
What is a subluxation?
spinal dysfunction/misalignment plus nerve interference that prevents homeostasis
What are 2 things that could be present in addition to a subluxation?
Spasm, inflammation
What is an adjustment?
an adjustment is the restoration of spinal function using the hands
What does an osteoblast do?
Creates new bone
What is bone matrix made of?
protein and minerals (calcium, etc)
What do osteoclasts do?
resorb (break down) bone
Is bone dead or alive?
alive
Whats the difference between fractured and broken?
They are the same thing
What are the three parts of a long bone?
Cortex, Trabecular bone (the bone marrow and blood production portion), and the periosteum (outside, pain sensitive)
What are examples of long bones?
femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, etc
What is the portion of the bone that changes from cartilage to bone and is responsible for growth?
Epiphysial (growth) plates
How many vertebrae are in the spine?
24 moveable, 8 non-moveable
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
KNOW THESE LOCATIONS ON A VERTEBRAE
Spinous process, verebral body, intervertebral disc, intervertebral foramen, transverse process, facet joints
What are the special vertebrae and what makes them special?
Atlas (C1) and axis (C2). C1 has no spinous process and C2 has an odontoid process and a bifid spinous
What are the “holes” in an infants skull called?
fontanelles
What are the 6 bones of the skull?
frontal, parietal, occiputal, temporal, maxilla, mandible
What bone contains the mastoid process?
Temporal
What bones make up the rib cage?
Ribs and sternum
What bones make up the pelvis?
ilium and sacrum
What is the cartilage that joins the 2 iliac bones?
symphysis pubis
What is the small bone off the sacrum called, which contains 3 fused vertebrae?
coccyx
What is the name of the joint between the ilium and sacrum?
Sacro-iliac joint (SI joint)
What are the 4 parts of the femur?
head, neck, greater trochanter, shaft
What are the bones of the upper extremity?
scapula, clavical, humorus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
What is the radius responsible for?
pronation and supination
What are the bones of the lower extremity?
femur, patella, tibia, fibula
What are the bones of the foot?
tarsals (talus and calcaneus), metatarsals, phalanges, sesamoids
How are ligaments and tendons different?
ligaments do not contract, have minimal stretch, and connect bone to bone.
What is the bursa and what does it do?
Bursa are sacs of liquids located at joints, responsible for lubricating the joints
What is the meniscus?
Cartilage cushion on both sides of the knee joint, lubricates and reduces friction, has no blood supply
What is the name of the name of the “jaw” joint?
temporomandibular joint
What is the primary joint between vertebrae?
facet
This flash card contains other various joints
Lumbo-sacral, sacro-iliac, gleno-humoral (shoulder), sterno-clavicular, acromio-clavicular, costo-vertebral, patello-femoral
