Muscular System Flashcards
What is anatomy?
the study of the parts
What is physiology?
the study of how the parts function
What is the cell?
The basic unit of life
atoms –> molecules –> cells –> tissues –> organs –> organ systems
know it
What is homeostasis?
Balance within the body
What is a word association for homeostasis?
steady-state
What is the inability to maintain homeostasis?
disease
What is a subluxation?
spinal dysfunction/misalignment plus nerve interference that prevents homeostasis
When do muscles do work?
When they shorten
What are the functions of muscles?
generate heat, provide cushioning for bone, cause motion over a joint, give the body shape
What do muscles use for energy?
sugar and oxygen
What is the waste product of muscular tissue?
lactic acid
What removes the waste from muscles?
blood flow
When a muscle contracts, what happens?
it shortens
What is a tendon?
A tendon connects a muscle to bone (remember ligament is bone to bone)
What muscles are responsible for elevation of the mandible? depression of the mandible?
Elevation - massater, temporalis
Depression - platysma
What muscle is responsible for rotation of the head?
Sternocleidomastoid
What muscle is responsible for flexion of the head?
sternocleidomastoid
What muscles are responsible for extension of the head?
erector spinae
What muscles are responsible for trunk flexion?
abdominals, SCM
What muscles are responsible for trunk extension?
erector spinae (paravertebral musculature)
What muscle is responsible for extension of the shoulder?
Triceps
What muscle is responsible for flexion of the shoulder?
biceps
What muscle is responsible for elevation of the shoulder?
trapezius
What muscles are responsible for abduction of the shoulder?
deltoid and supraspinatous (rotator cuff)
What muscle is responsible for adduction of the shoulder?
lattisimus dorsi
What muscle is responsible for internal rotation with flexion?
pectoralis major
What muscle group is responsible for wrist and finger flexion?
Flexor group (medial) (golf)
What muscle group is responsible for wrist and finger extension?
extensors (lateral) (tennis)
WHat muscle is responsible for flexion of the hip?
quadricep and psoas
What muscle is responsible for extension of the hip?
gluteus maximus
What muscle is responsible for knee extension?
quadriceps
What muscle is responsible for knee flexion?
hamstrings
What muscle is responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
gastrocnemius (achilles tendon)
What muscle is responsible for ankle dorsi-flexion?
tibialis anterior
What is the major muscle of respiration?
diaphragm
What does the diaphragm do?
assists in breathing and separates abdomin from check. Hiatal hernia through this muscle
What is smooth muscle?
Smooth muscle is organ muscle which is involuntary.
What is cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, it is involuntary and it contracts in a unique way to conduct electricity
