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HOSA Medical Terminology > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

chondr/i, chondr/o

A

cartilage

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4
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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5
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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6
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

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7
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

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8
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

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9
Q

-lysis

A

loosening or setting free

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10
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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11
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

bone

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12
Q

scoli/o

A

curved, bent

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13
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

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14
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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15
Q

-um

A

singular noun ending

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16
Q

Structures and functions of the skeletal system

A

provide the framework for the body; support and protect internal organs; joints, in conjugation with muscles, ligaments, and tendons, allow for a wide range of movement; calcium storage (required for nerve and muscle function); formation of red blood cells

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17
Q

Ossification

A

process of which bones are formed when cartilage and membranes from birth are converted to bone

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18
Q

Osteoclats

A

break down old/damaged bone

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19
Q

Osteoblasts

A

form new bone

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissue covering the outermost part of the bone

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21
Q

Compact (cortical) bone

A

dense, hard bone that forms a protective outer layer

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22
Q

Spongy (cancellous) bone

A

lighter, not as strong; contains red bone marrow

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23
Q

Medullary cavity

A

central cavity of the shaft, contains red and yellow bone marrow

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24
Q

Endosteum

A

tissue that lines the medullary cavity

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25
Q

Red bone marrow

A

a hemopoietic tissue that produces red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

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26
Q

Hemopoietic (hematopoietic)

A

pertaining to the formation of red blood cells

27
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

a fat storage area

28
Q

Cartilage

A

a smooth, rubbery connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones; makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton (outer ear, tip of nose)

29
Q

Articular cartilage

A

covers the surface of bones where they form joints; protects joints from rubbing against each other, allows for smooth movement

30
Q

Meniscus

A

curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints (ex. knee, jaw)

31
Q

Diaphysis

A

the shaft of the long bone

32
Q

Epiphysis

A

the ends of the long bone

33
Q

Foramen

A

an opening in the bone that allows blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments to pass

34
Q

Process

A

a surface of the bone that acts as an attachment for muscles or tendons

35
Q

Joints (articulations)

A

the union point of two or more bones; classified by construction or the degree of movement they allow

36
Q

Fibrous joint

A

holds bones tightly together with dense layers of connective tissue; in adults they are immoveable, and in newborns, they are soft and often moveable before they solidify

37
Q

Sutures

A

immovable fibrous joints in adults

38
Q

Fontanelles

A

(soft spots) of a newborn’s skull

39
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

allows minimal movement, consist of bones connected completely by cartilage (ex. where the ribs connect to the sternum, pubic symphysis)

40
Q

Synovial joint

A

points where two bones articulate to allow a variety of motion; described based on their type of motion

41
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

allows a wide range of movement (ex. shoulders, hips)

42
Q

Hinge joint

A

allows movement in a single direction/plane (ex. elbows, knees)

43
Q

Synovial capsule

A

outermost layer of strong, fibrous tissue that surrounds the joints like a sleeve

44
Q

Synovial membrane

A

lines the synovial capsule, secretes synovial fluid

45
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to each other, or bones to cartilage; complex hinge joints have many ligaments that allow for a range of motion (ex. knee)

46
Q

Bursa

A

fibrous sac that cushions and reduces friction in a joint where a tendon passes over a bone (ex. shoulder, elbow, knee)

47
Q

Axial skeleton

A

protects the major organs of the neurological, respiratory and circulatory system; consists of 80 bones in the head and trunk (bones of the skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone, rib cage, and the vertebral column

48
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

allows movement, and protects the major organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction; consists of 126 bones in the extremities, including upper extremities (arms, wrists, hands) and lower extremities (legs, ankles, feet)

49
Q

of bones in the skull

A

28 bones

50
Q

Cranium

A

made of 8 bones; part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain; joined by sutures

51
Q

Frontal bone

A

anterior portion of the cranium, that forms the forehead

52
Q

Parietal bones

A

forms roof and upper sides of cranium; two of the largest skull bones

53
Q

Occipital bone

A

forms the back of the skull and base of the cranium

54
Q

Temporal bone

A

forms sides and the base of cranium

55
Q

External auditory meatus

A

opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear

56
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull; forms the base of the cranium, and the floors and sides of the eye sockets

57
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

forms a portion of each orbit

58
Q

Orbit

A

bony socket that surrounds eyeballs

59
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

3 tiny bones in each middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes)

60
Q

Bones of the face

A

made of 14 bones; some contain sinuses

61
Q

Sinuses

A

air-filled cavities

62
Q

Nasal bones

A

form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

63
Q

Zygomatic bones (cheekbones)

A

articulate with the frontal bone

64
Q

Maxillary bones (maxillae)

A

form most of the upper jaw

HOSA Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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