Skel A: Final Study Guide Flashcards by David Henline | Brainscape

Q

what is caudia equina syndrome?

A

saddle or anesthesia

bowel and bladder distrubances

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Q

can a synovial cyst be seen on film?

A

no way to see on plain film

only on MRI

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Q

how do you mange an annular tear?

A

thru chiropractic care

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Q

what is modic endplate change type 1?

A

represents marrow edema

dark T1, white T2

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Q

what is modic endplate type 2?

A

represents fatty change of subchondrial marrow

bright T1, bright T2

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Q

what is modic endplate type 3?

A

bony sclerosis

dark T1, white T2

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Q

where is tarlov’s cyst?

A

in the sacrum

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Q

what is levoscoliosis?

A

wrong way

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Q

what is arnald chiari?

A

brain tissue extending inot the skull

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Q

what is osteopenia?

A

decreased bone density or increased radiolucency

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Q

wha are major causes of diffuse osteopenia?

A

osteoperosis
osteomalacia/rickets
hyerparathyriodism
neoplasm

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Q

where does an osteoprgenator originate?

A

bone marrow

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Q

what does an osteoblast produce?

A

osteoid

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Q

where do osteocytes develop?

A

arise from osteoblast

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Q

what are bone lining cells?

A

inactive dormant osteoblast

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Q

what % of the bone is water?

A

20% of wet weight of bone

Q

the remaining organic matrix?

A

90% collagen

10% muccoploysaccharide

Q

what is the rest of the inorganic material?

A

calcium hydroxyappetite

Q

where do osteoclast exist?

A

howship’s lacunae

Q

what is an osteoclast function?

A

secrete acid to break down hydroxyapetite?

Q

what metabolites does parathyriod hormone activate?

A

vitamin D
PGE2
Thyriod hormone
Heparin

Q

what does PTH inhibit?

A

calcitonin

Q

what is the most frequent bone diseasein humans?

A

osteoperosis

Q

where does osteoperosis premdominate?

A

axial skeleton and proximal long bones

Q

what is osteomalacia?

A

bone softening disease

Q

what is osteomalacia?

A

inadequate minerlization of osteoid

Q

what is oseomalacia related to?

A

deficinecy of calcium
vitamin D
phosphorus

Q

what is the role of the kidney?

A

very powerful coordinator of bone density