Sjogren's syndrome Flashcards
What is Sjögren’s syndrome?
An autoimmune condition affecting exocrine glands, notably the lacrimal and salivary glands, causing dry mouth, eyes, and vagina (sicca symptoms).
What are the common symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome?
Dry mouth, dry eyes, and dry vagina. It may also cause dry skin, joint pain, and stiffness.
What is the difference between primary and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome?
Primary Sjögren’s: Occurs in isolation.
Secondary Sjögren’s: Occurs alongside other diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis.
What are the key antibodies associated with Sjögren’s syndrome?
Anti-SS-A (also called anti-Ro)
Anti-SS-B (also called anti-La)
What is the Schirmer test used for in diagnosing Sjögren’s syndrome?
It measures tear production by placing filter paper under the eyelid and measuring the distance moisture travels after 5 minutes. Less than 10mm of moisture indicates significant dryness.
How is Sjögren’s syndrome diagnosed?
Based on clinical features and the presence of specific antibodies. A salivary gland biopsy can be used but is not usually necessary.
What are the treatment options for Sjögren’s syndrome?
Artificial tears (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol eye drops, carbomer gel)
Artificial saliva
Vaginal lubricants
Pilocarpine (oral) to stimulate tear and saliva production
Hydroxychloroquine for associated joint pain
What is the role of Pilocarpine in managing Sjögren’s syndrome?
Pilocarpine stimulates muscarinic receptors to promote salivary and lacrimal gland secretion.
What are some potential complications related to exocrine gland dysfunction in Sjögren’s syndrome?
Eye problems (e.g., keratoconjunctivitis sicca, corneal ulcers)
Oral problems (e.g., dental cavities, candida infections)
Vaginal problems (e.g., candida infection, sexual dysfunction)
What are some rare complications of Sjögren’s syndrome?
Pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Peripheral neuropathy
Vasculitis
Renal impairment
