Antiphospholipid syndrome Flashcards
What is Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)?
APS is an autoimmune disorder caused by antiphospholipid antibodies that target proteins binding to phospholipids on the cell surface, leading to inflammation and increased risk of thrombosis.
Antiphospholipid antibodies can lead to various complications, particularly in clotting disorders.
What are the key antiphospholipid antibodies associated with APS?
- Lupus anticoagulant
- Anticardiolipin antibodies
- Anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies
These antibodies are crucial for the diagnosis and management of APS.
What are the key complications of Antiphospholipid Syndrome?
- Venous thromboembolism (e.g., deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism)
- Arterial thrombosis (e.g., stroke, myocardial infarction, renal thrombosis)
- Pregnancy-related complications (e.g., recurrent miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia)
Understanding these complications is vital for effective patient management.
What is catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome?
A rare complication of APS involving rapid thrombosis in multiple organs within a few days, associated with a high mortality rate.
Early recognition and treatment are critical to improve outcomes in catastrophic APS.
What is a clinical clue to consider for diagnosing APS?
Look for a patient with thrombosis (e.g., deep vein thrombosis or stroke) and a history of recurrent miscarriage.
These clues can help in timely diagnosis and intervention.
What skin finding is associated with APS?
Livedo reticularis, a purple lace-like rash with a mottled appearance, or its more permanent form, livedo racemosa.
Skin manifestations can provide additional diagnostic support for APS.
What heart condition is associated with APS?
Libman-Sacks endocarditis, a non-bacterial endocarditis with vegetations on heart valves, most commonly the mitral and aortic valves.
This condition reflects the systemic effects of APS on the cardiovascular system.
What is a common blood finding in APS?
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) is common in APS.
Monitoring blood counts is essential for managing APS patients.
How is APS diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on clinical features and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies.
A thorough clinical assessment along with laboratory tests is necessary for accurate diagnosis.
What is the treatment for Antiphospholipid Syndrome?
- Long-term warfarin (target INR of 2-3) for thrombosis prevention
- Low molecular weight heparin (e.g., enoxaparin) and aspirin are used in pregnancy
- Warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy
Treatment strategies may vary based on the patient’s situation, especially during pregnancy.
