Six Sigma Overview Flashcards
80’s Quality Breakthrough
the realization by management that the processes, not the people, are the key to error free performance
ISO 9000
- International Organization for Standardization
- focus on documentation of standards and procedures
- requires “you do what you say you will do”
- can be costly to implement
- prestigious to be considered certified
Malcolm Baldrige
- National quality award
- focus on overall business excellence
- criteria for evaluation: leadership, strategic planning, market focus, information/analysis, human resources, process management, results
TQM
- management philosophy
- emphasized commitment to excellence
- teaching of Deming (adopted early by Japanese)
- 14 points of management
Lean Thinking
- TPS
- focuses on waste reduction (7 types)
- emphasizes visual change
- kaizen quick hits
5 basic principles of lean thinking
- specify value
- map the value stream
- improve flow
- allow customer pull
- pursue perfection
TPS - main people, established what, did what for america
- Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo
- synchronized supplier process to establish JIT
- benchmarked supermarket processes in America
- spread to non-manufacturing processes
International Motor Vehicle Program (MIT)
- Lean
- Jim Womack / Daniel Jones
- “the machine that changed the world”
- TPS vs. Mass production
- termed toyota as the “birthplace of lean”
what is lean?
- John Shook - “A manufacturing philosophy that shortens the time line between the customer order and the shipment by eliminating waste.”
a systematic approach to identifying and eliminating non-value-adding activities in the healthcare delivery process, enabling care to flow more effectively
the principles of lean production include…
- efficient use of resources and elimination of waste
- teamwork
- communication
- continuous improvement
Steps/tools in Lean
- waste identification
- takt time calculation
- kanban sizing
- 5S
- visual factory
Lean results
- reduced cycle times
- improved promises kept
- reduced WIP inventories
- flexible workforce
- the space
Six Sigma characteristics
- driven by voice of the customer
- rigorous 5-phase approach
- data driven approach
- focuses on defect reduction
- reduces process variation
- requires leadership commitment
What is the goal of six sigma?
- quantitatively, this means the average process generates less than 3.4 defects per million
- culturally, this means we need to learn how to be nearly flawless in executing our key processes
What is six sigma?
- process to reduce defects per million opportunities (DPMO)
- a statistic that measures how close we are to our goal
- a methodology focused on continuous improvement
Stephen Covey’s 7 habits of highly successful people - which quadrant does six sigma fit in?
the second quadrant (important and not urgent
What are 2 important measurables that affect the customer?
CTQ and VOC
CTQ
critical to quality - the big Y
Process entitlement
what your process can deliver to the customer
the “fruits of six sigma”
- sweet fruit: design for six sigma
- process entitlement at the top
- bulk of fruit: process characterization and optimization
- low hanging fruit: seven basic tools
- ground fruit: logic and intuition
Champions
champion-trained business leaders who lead the deployment of six sigma in a significant area of the business
master black belts
fully-trained quality leaders responsible for Six Sigma strategy, training, mentoring, deployment, and results - A CERTIFIED BLACK BELT, THATS ALL THEY DO
black belts
fully-trained six sigma experts who lead improvement teams, work projects across the business and mentor green belts - FULL TIME IE PROBLEM SOLVERS
green belts
fully-trained individuals who apply six sigma skills to projects in thier job areas (process manager) - LEARN TOOLS, BUT NOT THIER FULL TIME JOB
