Extra Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Loading data in minitab: open existing worksheet and importing data

A
  • open existing worksheet: file must be .MTW or .MPJ

- importing data: for non-minitab data, must be .xls, .txt, etc.

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2
Q

graphical summary gives you:

A
  • histogram with dist. curve
  • Box plot
  • CI’s (for mean, median, stdv)
  • Anderson-Darling normality test (A^2, P-value)
  • mean, stdv, var, N, skewness, kurtosis
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3
Q

what is skewness?

A

measure of lack of symmetry (0 if completely symmetric)

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4
Q

what is kurtosis?

A

height/sharpness of peak (higher value means higher, sharper peak)

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5
Q

normality test

A

probability plot - normal if straight, diagonal line

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6
Q

run chart

A
  • represents data over time - use to look for evidence of special-cause variation
  • want points to vary randomly around center line (median)
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7
Q

ANOVA (minitab)

A
  • used to compare equality of means for different variables
  • look at p-value –> means are different if < alpha
  • look at CI’s - if doesn’t contain 0, means different
  • look at R2 - if small, model generates imprecise predictions for new observation
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8
Q

Time Series Plot

A
  • graph used to evaluate patterns and behavior in data over time - displays observations on the Y-axis against equally spaced time intervals on X-axis
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9
Q

Dot Plot

A
  • graph used to assess the distribution of continuous data

- useful for relatively small amounts of data

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10
Q

Individual value plot

A

graph you can use to examine individual values in each sample to assess sample distributions

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11
Q

brush tool

A

used to identify/look at one or more individual points

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12
Q

what is a balanced scorecard

A
  • system for creating “strategic planning and management”

- provides both performance metrics while also helping identify what should be done

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13
Q

4 perspectives of balances scorecard

A

financial, customer, business process, learning and growth

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14
Q

financial perspective

A
  • choice of a few high level financial metrics to reflect financial performance of the business
  • how business looks from stockholders point of view
  • how effective is business at using its resources
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15
Q

4 pieces for each perspective for balanced scorecard

A

objectives, measures, initiative, target

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16
Q

attribute gauge r&r uses what statistical tool to estimate what?

A
  • uses ANOVA to estimate whether a metrics repeatability or reproducibility is the main contributor to variation
17
Q

con of attribute gauge r&r

A

difficult to account for variance occurring from learning

18
Q

for something to be consistently and reliably accurate, it must…

A

also be precise

19
Q

3 parts of strategy statement

A
  • objective
  • scope
  • competitive advantage
20
Q

7 wastes (plus extra one)

A
  • transportation (conveyance), inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, overprocessing, defects
  • underuse of talent
21
Q

what can you do to the mean of a continuous metric…

A

you can shift the mean - a continuous metric will make it easier to see what is actually going on in the process

22
Q

Z.ST vs. Z.LT

A
  • Z.ST = capability = short term

- Z.LT = performance = long term

23
Q

Variance (Observed) = ?

A

= Var (true process - 90%) + Var (measurement system - 10%)

24
Q

Gauge R&R: Nested vs. Crossed

A
  • if you need to use destructive testing, you must be able to assume that all parts within a single batch are identical
  • if youre unable to make this assumption then part-to-part variation within a batch will mask the measurement system variation
  • if you can make this assumption: then choosing between nested and crossed for destructive testing depends on how your measurement process is set up: if all operators measure parts from each batch = crossed. if each batch is only measured by a single operator = nested
  • nondestructive testing = crossed
25
Report vs. Study Timeframe (reporting sigma levels)
- If report = ST and study timeframe = - ST: leave as is - LT: add 1.5 sigma - If report = LT and study timeframe = - ST: subtract 1.5 sigma - LT: leave as is
26
Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - drivers?
- TQP driven internally | - Six Sigma driven by customer
27
Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - focuses
- TQP focuses on outcomes | Six Sigma focuses on processes
28
Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - does what to defects?
TQP fixes defects | Six Sigma prevents defects
29
Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - improves what?
TQP improves quality | Six Sigma improves bottom line
30
Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - looks in what direction
TQP looks backwards | Six Sigma looks forwards
31
Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - concentrations
TQP concentrates on product | Six Sigma concentrates on CTQ's
32
Traditional Quality Program vs. Six Sigma - high on what?
TQP high on theory/people | Six Sigma high on methodology/data
33
Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: Removes what?
lean removes waste | 6sig removes variation
34
Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: main characteristics
Lean - 5 basic principles | 6sig - 5 phase DMAIC
35
Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: focuses
lean - flow focused | 6sig - problem focused
36
Lean Primary Effects vs. Six Sigma Primary Effects: changes
lean - visual change now | 6sig - statistical change
37
Lean vs. Six Sigma secondary effects: less what?
lean - less variation | 6sig - less waste
38
Lean vs. Six Sigma secondary effects: internal change
lean - consistent output | 6sig - decreased CT
39
Lean and Six Sigma both have what secondary effect?
continuous quality improvement