Situations in Europe Flashcards
who ruled England and Wales?
The Tudors
What happened in the Reformation?
The country broke away from the Catholic church causing a division between protestants and catholics
What was the population of England and Wales by 1603?
4 million
How many people lived in rural areas?
Wales and England
9/10
Who ruled Scotland?
the Stuarts
What religion was Scotland?
Protestant
What religion were the Netherlands?
Protestant
What ties did the Netherlands have with England?
Became involved in the rebellion against Spain
English merchants sold their goods here
Who ruled Spain?
King Philip II
what religion were the Spanish?
Roman Catholic
Who ruled Ireland?
Henry VIII
who ruled France?
English monarchs where the French would pay a pension
What religion was France?
Roman Catholic
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
An English explorer and privateer
What issues were there between King Philip II and Queen Elizabeth?
Elizabeth refused to marry him He was previously married to Mary I Sea rivalry Philip thinks he should be King of England Catholic vs Protestant
What was the Treaty of Nonsuch?
England agreeing to send 7000 troops to Dutch rebels (Spain ruled the protestant Netherlands)
When was the Treaty of Nonsuch?
1585
What was the Peace Treaty?
The English government allowing Dutch ships to stay in English ports and give them financial aid
Who were the leaders in for Spain during the Spanish Armada?
Duke of Parma and Duke of Medina Sidonia
Who were the English leaders during the Armada?
Lord Howard, Sir Francis Drake
What resources did Spain have available during the Armada?
A huge Empire
130 ships
2500 guns on ships
30,000 men in the Dutch army
What resources did England have during the Armada?
20,000 soldiers with little training
Armies in the north which the Spanish did not know about
34 battleships
200 shioz
Recall the six stages of the Defeat of the Armada
1 - Spanish run into a storm at Lisbon, losing supplies
2 - Beacons lit in Cornwall as they spot the Spanish fleet
3 - English attacked with long range guns
4 - Attack at Calais where the English set off fireboats
5 - Attack at Gravelines where the Spanish lose formation
6 - Spanish are battered by storms and followed by the English
What were the consequences of the Armada for Elizabeth I?
Propaganda - national pride increased and helped preserve Protestant ideas as God sent “protestant ideas”
English had an undefeatable army
The prolonged war put strain on the economy - leading to inflation
Name two Portuguese explorers
Bartholomew Diaz
Vasco de Gama
What were the aims of the Privateers?
To rob Spanish treasure
What were the successes of the Privateers?
Their ships were smaller and faster than Spanish ships
What were the successes of the Moscovy Company?
Traded in furs and timbers with Russia
What were the successes of the East India Company?
Traded silks, spices, cotton and tea
What were the successes of James Lancaster?
Reached the East in the 1590s using a route never before used
What were the successes of John Hawkins?
A slaver trader who made new ships for the navy
How many Spanish silver did Sir Frances Drake capture in 1572?
£40,000
When was Sir Francis Drake born?
1540
What were the effects of Sir Francis Drake’s voyages on England?
Helped defeat the Spanish Armada
Bought money to the country
Feared by the Spanish; they nicknamed him: “dragon”
What was Sir Walter Raleigh’s motivation for voyages?
Colonisation
What was Sir Walter Raleigh’s main achievement?
Capturing an area in America and calling it “Virginia”
What were Sir Walter Raleigh’s failures?
First colonisation faced food shortages
Never found El Dorado
What were the effects of Sir Walter Raleigh’s voyages to England?
Introduced tobacco and potatoes
Reduced population and poverty
Name three reasons why Elizabethans became explorers
Competition Money To prove Elizabeth was a strong Queen Development of smaller ships Printing press - maps and literature available Development of magnetic compass Trading
what year did Phillip propose to Elizabeth?
1559
what year did the Netherlands rebel against Spain?
1566
When was the Treaty of Joinville?
1584
What did the treaty of Joinville state?
Spain and France joining forces - scared the English
