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ALevel RS > Situation Ethics > Flashcards

Situation Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Situation Ethics is between

A

Legalism and antinomianism

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2
Q

Jesus summed up all laws as

A

‘you shall love your neighbour as yourself’ Mark 12:31, Matthew 22:39

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3
Q

Why did Joseph Fletcher said Jesus didn’t have ethics?

A

He didn’t judge like the church did, argued with Pharisees about how law obsessed they were

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4
Q

Agape translates to

A

charity; is love not based on feelings but an act of will

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5
Q

Criticism of SE

A
  • People who like pain will inflict on others.
  • Justifies actions against God/law-some things are never right.
  • Individualistic - can’t be certain your view’s right – humans are selfish by nature.
  • Agape is near impossible.
  • Need law to guide us in right direction.
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6
Q

Positives of SE

A
  • Flexible, choose least bad action, lesser of two evils.
  • Know someone’s beng moral out of their own choice.
  • Freedom to make own decisons.
  • Jesus puts people before law.
  • Heavy rules not always best.
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7
Q

SE should look at all possible solutions and find?

A

What gives most consideration to the person, the most pragmatic, most loving to everyone

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8
Q

Fletcher says conscience is

A

Weighing up the action before it’s taken

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9
Q

How is SE different to traditional Christian ethics?

A
  • It is situational.
  • Not strict.
  • Justifies actions against God’s will.
  • Only one main rule.
  • Pope Pious says it’s ‘too individualistic and subjective’.
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10
Q

SE is similar to Christianity because?

A
  • Jesus did agape (mixed with sinners etc)
  • Said love your neighbour,
  • Set aside rules to put ppl 1st
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11
Q

Six fundamental principles:

A

Only one thing is intrinsically good; namely love: nothing else.
The ruling norm of Christian decision is love: nothing else.
Love and justice are te same, fr justice is love distributed, nothing else.
Love wills the neighbour’s good, whether we like him or not.
Only the end justifies the means, nothing else.
Love’s decisions are made situationally, not prescriptively.

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12
Q

Four presumptions

A

Pragmatism.
Relativism.
Positivism.
Personalism.

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13
Q

Define Pragmatism

A

The proposed course of action must be practical and work towards an end which is love

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14
Q

Define Relativism

A

SE is relativistic: there are no moral absolutes, no fixed rules, but Fletcher says decisions must be relative to Christian love

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15
Q

Define Positivism

A

Acting on experience rather than just obeying law. Christians freely choose to believe that God is love and act in a way reasonable to this faith

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16
Q

Define Personalism

A

The situationist puts people first whereas the legalist puts law first. People are more sacred than rules

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17
Q

What is proportionalism?

A
  • Rules should be obeyed unless it’s proportionally worse than not obeying.
  • Things are still seen objectively as wrong but morally can be right in some situations.
  • A compromise between natural law and SE.
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18
Q

What is contextual ethics?

A
  • Like SE but decisions are made by Christians and keep God’s will.
  • Keep love central and avoid generalised laws.
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19
Q

What did St Paul write in Ephesians about Jesus and the law

A

That ‘Christ Jesus.. abolished the law with its commandments and legal claims’

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20
Q

Only one thing is intrinsically good; namely love: nothing else.

A

First proposition: actions are good or evil depending on whether they give the most loving result: actions are extrinsically good.

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21
Q

The ruling norm of Christian decision is love: nothing else.

A

Second proposition: The commandments are not absolute, for example Jesus broke the Sabbath in order to heal

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22
Q

Love and justice are the same, for justice is love distributed, nothing else.

A

Third proposition: justice is love coping with situations where distribution is called for

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23
Q

Love wills the neighbour’s good, whether we like him or not.

A

Fourth proposition: agape love goes out to everyone, even those we don’t like, it is unconditional and nothing is required in return.

24
Q

Only the end justifies the means, nothing else.

A

Fifth proposition: the morality of an action is determined by it’s outcome and Fletcher says the end must be the most loving result: people must weight up the desired end and foreseeable consequences.

25
Q

Love’s decisions are made situationally, not prescriptively.

A

Sixth proposition: whether something is right or wrong depends on the situation, and if it will bring out an end that serves love most, then it’s right.

26
Q

Who said: the Situationist avoids words like ‘never’ and ‘perfect’ .. As he avoids the plague, as he avoids ‘absolutely’ about relativism

A

Joseph Fletcher

27
Q

Who agrees with Kant to treat people as ends and what does it mean?

A

Joseph Fletcher, and it means all humans have dignity and value so should be treated uniquely and sets them apart from all other creation.

28
Q

Who said the law of love is the ultimate law?

A

Tillich

29
Q

Who said ‘the situationist avoids words like ‘never’ and ‘perfect’ .. as he avoids ‘absolutely’

A

Fletcher about relativism

30
Q

What does Fletcher say all decisions must be relative to

A

Christian love

31
Q

What is Paul Lehmann associated with

A

Contextual ethics

32
Q

Who uses the example of a ‘just war’

A

Thomas Aquinas: proportionalism says that ‘do not kill’ usually applies but there are circumstances where it is right it overrule the moral principle

33
Q

Who feels that the freedom from SE is terrifying ‘you - just you - have to make the right decision’

A

William Barclay

34
Q

What does Barclay say freedom can become

A

Licence, selfishness or even cruelty

35
Q

Who said SE is ‘individualistic and subjective’

A

Pope Pius XII 1952

36
Q

Who said SE can ‘justify decisions in opposition to the natural law or God’s revealed will’

A

Pope Pius XII 1952

37
Q

What are ‘pastoral reasons’ that sometimes feature in Christian (catholic?) churches

A

Local ministers differentiate how they apply laws to people in certain situations - they recognise heavy rules in complex/difficult situations might not always be most helpful

38
Q

Who thinks we are heavily influenced in all sorts of ways and we need the law to push us in the direction of what is right

A

William Barclay

39
Q

Who said ‘nothing we do is truly moral unless we’re free to do otherwise’

A

Joseph Fletcher

40
Q

Who says that legalism cripples our ability to make moral decisions in the moment when we’re faced with moral dilemmas of our own

A

Bauman

41
Q

Who says ‘love thy neighbour as thyself’ is the ultimate duty

A

Bultmann

42
Q

Who said ‘the situationist follows a moral law or violates it according to love’s need’

A

Fletcher

43
Q

What does Fletcher say conscience is not?

A
  • intuition.
  • form of divine guidance.
  • internalised values of your culture.
44
Q

Who said ‘love relativises the absolute’ and what does it mean

A

Joseph Fletcher, that all decisions should be relative to love

45
Q

Fletcher’s quote about conscience

A

‘Conscience is merely a word for our attempts to make decisions creatively, constructively, fittingly’

46
Q

Fletcher quote on agape

A

‘Love is not something we have or are, it is something we do’

47
Q

Fletcher quote on pragmatism

A

‘All are agreed: the good is what works, .. what gives satisfaction’

48
Q

What does Fletcher agape should be for others

A

In their ‘best interests’

49
Q

What is the only intrinsic good and the ruling norm of Christian decision making

A

Agape

50
Q

One of Fletcher’s examples

A

Sacrificial adultery

51
Q

What is situation

A

The concrete moment when a decision is made

52
Q

How did Fletcher respond to the idea of fixed moral absolutes

A

“There are no rules, none at all”

53
Q

What does Fletcher say love is

A

The Holy Spirit working within us

54
Q

Justice is Christian love using its head, calculating its duties, obligations, opportunities, resources.

A

Fletcher on the third principle

55
Q

Positivsm

A

Arational

ALevel RS (8 decks)

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