Site Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

solar altitude

A

angle above the horizon

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2
Q

azimuth

A

angle north or south from the east-west line

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3
Q

radiative cooling

A

uses thermal mass to store heat during the day and release heat at night

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4
Q

ground coupling

A

uses the stable coolness of the earth to cool a building - typically by using a ground-source heat pump

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5
Q

metes and bounds description

A

defines the perimeter of the site by using a starting point and describing each boundary line by angle of bearing and length

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6
Q

topography

A

describes the surface features of land

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7
Q

topographic map

A

shows slope and contour of the land

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8
Q

topographic survey

A

information on the contours of a site, property boundaries, easements, existing buildings, utility poles, roads and other manufactured features, trees and other natural features

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9
Q

contour lines

A

show elevation of the land in plan view

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10
Q

contour interval

A

different in elevation between adjacent contour lines

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11
Q

slope

A

G=d/L x 100%

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12
Q

water table

A

underground level below which the soil is saturated with water

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13
Q

runoff coefficient

A

fraction of total precipitation that is not absorbed into the ground

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14
Q

silt fence

A

temporary fence designed to allow water to pass through while filtering out sediment and allowing sediment to settle

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15
Q

soil

A

pulverized upper layer of the earth

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16
Q

gravel

A

2mm in diameter - excellent for construction loads, drainage, and sewage drain fields but unsuitable for landscaping

17
Q

sand

A

.05 mm to 2 mm in diameter - finest grains visible to the eye - excellent for construction loads, drainage, and sewage drain fields but unsuitable for landscaping

18
Q

silt

A

.002 mm to .05 mm in diameter - stable when dry or damp but unstable when wet - occasionaly plastic in their behavior

19
Q

clay

A

under .002 in diameter - smooth and floury when dry and plastic and sticky when wet - poor for foundation unless it can be kept dry - unsuitable for drainage

20
Q

peat

A

organic material excellent for landscaping but unsuitable for building foundation and road base

21
Q

hardpan

A

unbroken mixture of clay, sand, and gravel - good base for building foundation

22
Q

shale and slate

A

soft rocks with fine texture

23
Q

bedrock

A

solid rock that forms the earth’s crust - highest bearing capacity of all soil types

24
Q

borings

A

undisturbed samples of soil are removed at regular intervals and type of material is recorded in a boring log

25
Q

standard penetration test (spt)

A

a common borehole test that is a measure of the density of granular soils and the consistency of some clays

26
Q

test pits

A

trenches dug at the job site that allow visual inspection of the soil strata and direct connection of undisturbed samples

27
Q

auger borings

A

raise samples of the soil by using a standard auger bit and is best used in sand or clay for shallow or intermediate depths because the auger cannot penetrate hard obstructions such as bedrock

28
Q

wash borings

A

made with a 2in to 4in diameter pipe through which a water jet is maintained to force up the soil material. Can extend down about 100 ft or more but samples are so thoroughly mixed that analysis is difficult

29
Q

dry sample boring

A

material is extracted by driving a pipe with a split sampling pipe on the leading edge about 5in into the soil

30
Q

soil load test

A

involve building a platform on the site, placing incremental loads on it, and observing the amount of settlement during given time periods until settlement becomes regular after repeated loading

31
Q

brownfield

A

property whose redevelopment or reuse may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminate

32
Q

karst

A

landscape in which soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum have dissolved forming caves and other voids below the surface

33
Q

conductivity

A

rate at which heat flows through a material

34
Q

slope statements

A
  • a 1.5% slope is suitable for rough paving
  • landscaped areas near buildings should have at least a 2% slope away from the structure
  • a safe sidewalk slopes in the direction of travel no more than 2.5%
  • sidewalk cross slopes must be a max of 2%
  • grass slopes for recreation should have a max of 3%