Sit-to-Stand

Question 1

What are the 4 phases of sit to stand?

Answer 1

• flexion momentum (starting position)
• momentum transfer (lift off)
• extension (max dorsiflexion)
• stabilisation (end hip extension)

Question 2

Does speed of sit to stand affect the movement?

Answer 2

No.

Question 3

How are the dorsiflexors and plantarflexors important during sit-to-stand?

Answer 3

tibialis anterior (dorsiflexors) is needed to stabilise the feet before beginning the forward body movement. 
at the end of sit-to-stand, the activation of gastroc and soleus (plantarflexors) is needed to enhance control of the body's forward transition (prevent body from falling forward).

Question 4

Which muscles do you activate when you place one foot behind the other during sit to stand?

Answer 4

increased muscle activity of the tibialis anterior and quadriceps.

Question 5

How can you improve weightbearing of the affected leg during sit to stand?

Answer 5

place unaffected leg in extended position or elevated position.

Question 6

how is sit to stand movement correlated with falling?

Answer 6

• time taken to perform sit to stand and vice versa.
• rate of rise in force (%bodyweight per sec)
• bodyweight distribution on affected leg
• CoP sway

Question 7

What are the two criteria that improve gait performance?

Answer 7

• stand up within 4.5s

- exhibit maximal vertical foce dfference of less than 30% of bodyweight between both legs.

Question 8

Some of the outcome measurers for SIt-to-Stand?

Answer 8

• five repetitions sit to stand test (if more than 12s, need further assessment for fall risk)
• 30s chair stand test (if less than 10, indicate poor leg strength and lower gait speed) MCID = 3
• • 30CST is better than FRSTS

Question 9

What are the essential components of sit to stand?

Answer 9

• <100% thigh support
• equal weight bearing
• ankles dorsiflexion
• flexion of hips
• flexion of knees
• extension of hips and knees
• extension of trunk and neck