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History > Sino-Soviet relations 1949-76 > Flashcards

Sino-Soviet relations 1949-76 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Peoples republic of China Announced?

A

October 1949

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2
Q

When was the Treaty of Friendship signed?

A

February 1950

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3
Q

Why did the USSR need the treaty?

A

Trade would help rebuild the economy which was still shattered after WW2

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4
Q

What was the Alliance section of the treaty?

A

It promised support for each side against capitalist nations

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5
Q

How much aid was given to China?

A

$300 million

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6
Q

How much increase in trade occured between 1950-56?

A

six-fold

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7
Q

How much of chinas trade was with the USSR by 1956?

A

60%

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8
Q

What effect did the creation of PRC have on the USA?

A

It meant that the USA had a renewed interest in the area

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9
Q

Which fleet was sent to Taiwan

A

Seventh Fleet

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10
Q

What occurred due to to PRC, in US policy?

A

US aid to all nations fighting communism in the area, eg: France in Vietnam, and the Phillipenes

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11
Q

Why did Stalin not help China in the Korean War?

A

The UN was not a capitalist nation and therefore he was not required to help.

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12
Q

What was the significance of the Korean war on sino-soviet relations?

A

The Chinese economy was wrecked after the war, so the USSR gave help to China with trade, and loans

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13
Q

What happened to Taiwan after the victory of the communists in the Chinese civil war.

A

Chiang Kai shek, retreated there with the remains of the Republic of Chinas forces.

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14
Q

Why was Mao concerned by the existence of ROC

A

It could be used as a base for an invasion.

Showed a alternative china to Maos.

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15
Q

What happened due to the 1954-55 Taiwan straits crisis?

A

USA signed the Mutual Defence Treaty with ROC, in December 1954.
Soviet Union was unhappy with these events, due to the prospect it could escalate into war.

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16
Q

Why did relations deteriorate 1954-58?

A

Stalins death left leadership of communist world up in the air.

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17
Q

What was the Great Leap Forward?

A

A rejection of the Soviet Economic Model

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18
Q

When was the Great Leap forward?

A

1958-62

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19
Q

What did Mao accuse the Soviet Union of bein?

A

Revisionist

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20
Q

What did Khrushchev propose in 1958?

A

Soviet-Chinese control of Chinese nuclear weapons.

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21
Q

When was the Second Taiwan Straits Crisis?

A

1958

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22
Q

What did Khrushchev offer to do, to stop the bombardment

A

Share Nuclear secrets with the Chinese

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23
Q

What did he do after the crisis.

A

Proposed a Pacific atom free zone

24
Q

What happened during the 1958 Khrushchev visit to china?

A

Mao had a photoshoot in his pool, as Khrushchev couldn’t swim, embarrassing Khrushchev.

25
Q

Why did the Alliance remain until 1958?

A

Each side had no other options

26
Q

What happened during the first stage of Khrushchev second visit to China in 1959?

A

No honour guard met him, and there was no microphone for him to speak.

27
Q

What did Mao take pleasure in May 1960.

A

Beating the Russians to the top of Mount Everest

28
Q

What did Khrushchev do in June 1960?

A

Withdrew Russian experts from China.

29
Q

What new policy did Khrushchev announce in 1961?

A

That the class struggle was over in the USSR, so the USSR represented all no just the working class.

30
Q

What did Mao see in the new Russian policy?

A

A path away from Communism.

31
Q

What did Khrushchev do in the Sino-Indian Border dispute of 1962.

A

Criticise China, and sent aid to India worth $800 million.

32
Q

What did the USSR try to do after the removal of Khrushchv?

A

Start a new relationship with China

33
Q

When the relationship with China failed what strategy did the USSR take.

A

Wait until Mao dies

34
Q

When was the Cultural Revolution ?

A

1965

35
Q

What did it profess?

A

That the true revolution was happening in China, and that the USSR were all revisionists

36
Q

When did the USSR end diplomatic relations

A

March 1966

37
Q

What were the Red Guards?

A

Units of young Chinese communists

38
Q

What was the Ussuri rivers crisis?

A

Red Guards crossed into the disputed island in the river.

39
Q

What did the USSR do during the Ussuri river crisis?

A

Responded with force

40
Q

What was the USSR contemplating during the Ussuri crisis?

A

Nuclear strikes against the China

41
Q

When was crisis averted?

A

18th of September 1969

42
Q

What was the significance of the split to the USSR

A

It had competition in leading the communist world.

43
Q

Which China did the USA recognise between 1949-69?

A

Republic of China, or Taiwan

44
Q

Name 3 Chinese motives for a rapprochement with the USA

A

Worries about a USSR nuclear strike.
China had few allies, only france, Albania, and Pakistan
An alliance with the USA could force the USSR into accepting Chinese borders.

45
Q

Name 5 US motives for rapprochement with China?

A

Peace with Honour, for Vietnam
Exploit the Sino-Soviet split
Have new allies to make up for US military short comings
Stop a Soviet invasion of China
Would allow the USA to focus all nuclear arsenal on the USSR

46
Q

What happened in july 1969?

A

USA recognised PRC

47
Q

What happened in April 1971?

A

Mao invited the USA ping-pong team to play in China

48
Q

What happened in October 1971?

A

PRC became chinas sole member in the UN

49
Q

Why was national pride at stake?

A

Dulles in 1954 had refused to shake Zhou Enlais hand causing embarrassment

50
Q

What was Nixons diplomacy called?

A

Triangular diplomacy

51
Q

What approach to foreign affairs did Nixon Take?

A

Realpolitik

52
Q

When did Nixon Visit China?

A

February 1972

53
Q

What was in the Communique

A

Acknowledged disagreements
Proclaimed Peaceful co-existence between the countries
Seek to normalise relations
increase trade
Fight the USSR in its attempts to dominate asia

54
Q

What was the Impact of Nixons visit on the USSR?

A

USSR planned for a war with china and NATO at the same time

Aware US defence was now focused solely on the USSR

55
Q

Why was Fords position weaker?

A

He lacked the public support of Nixon

History (6 decks)

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