since leaving the EU, the role of the EU in UK policymaking has been fully removed.

Question 1

Regaining Control Over Domestic Legislation

Answer 1

The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020) ended the supremacy of EU law

Question 2

Ending Legal Supremacy of EU Institutions

Answer 2

European Court of Justice (ECJ) no longer has jurisdiction over UK law.
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In the Miller case (2017), the Supreme Court ruled that the UK government could not trigger Article 50 to begin Brexit without Parliament’s approval. This kind of judicial oversight used to be subject to EU law but is now determined solely by UK courts.

Question 3

Post-Brexit Trade Agreements

Answer 3

The UK-Japan Trade Agreement (2020) and the UK-Australia Free Trade Agreement (2021) demonstrate how the UK now negotiates its trade policies outside of the EU framework.

Question 4

EU Laws Still Influence UK Legislation via the Northern Ireland Protocol

Answer 4

Northern Ireland continues to adhere to EU customs rules, and the European Court of Justice (ECJ) retains jurisdiction in some cases, even though the rest of the UK is no longer bound by EU law.

Question 5

Regulatory Alignment with the EU in Certain Areas

Answer 5

The UK’s Data Protection Act 2018 mirrors much of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to ensure continued data flows between the UK and EU.

Question 6

Export compliance in trade

Answer 6

As of 2024, the EU accounted for approximately 40% of UK exports– must comply with eu standards annd regulations as a major trading partner