sin and forgiveness + life and death Flashcards
What is sin
Acting against the will or laws of God
What is absolutism
Believe that there are certain actions that are always right or always wrong
What is relativism?
Belief that rules can change and some are right or wrong
What is crime?
When someone does an action against the law
What is the difference between sin and a crime using examples?
Crime is when someone breaks the law for example a robbery
Sin is an action which goes against the will or laws of God for example, adultery
What is deterrence?
Punishment put people off committing a crime i.e. jail
How does deterrence put people off committing crime?
- Knowing they will be punished will make a criminal think twice before breaking the law
- seeing people criminals being punished put people off committing the same crime
What is retribution?
Making the criminal pay for what they have done
What is retribution in aim of punishment?
- Punishment should be motivated by justice not revenge
- People feel that it is fair and just that criminals get what they deserve
What is rehabilitation?
Helping criminals reform, through education, counselling and training, so they don’t reoffend
How is rehabilitation an aim of punishment?
- criminals are less likely to commit crime again and helps them to be productive members of society
- Societal factors like poverty and poor parenting mean that people are more likely to turn to crime unless these are addressed then people will continue to offend
What is punishment?
The consequences of a wrong decision and the penalty imposed by a person in authority on the person who has committed wrongdoing
What is forgiveness?
The act of pardoning someone for the offence they have caused you
How does the parable of the tax collector teach us about forgiveness?
He visited Zacchaeus the tax collector, unknown cheat, allowing him to change and reform
How does the parable of the prodigal son teach about forgiveness?
The father forgives his son and welcomes him back even though he had done wrong
What is the woman caught in adultery teach us about forgiveness?
Jesus forgave the woman caught adultery, telling her to ‘go sin no more’.
When did Jesus show forgiveness in the last moments of his life?
When he was being put to death. On the cross he says ‘Father forgive them for they do not know what they are doing’.
What happens on judgement day?
Go to judge or humans according to how they have behaved
What is capital punishment also known as?
The death penalty
When was the death penalty abolished in the UK?
1965
Who disagrees with capital punishment?
Pope francis
What are religious arguments for capital punishment?
- Jesus never taught the death penalty was wrong
- Old Testament teaches us death penalty should be used for some crimes
- Catholic Church has not cancelled their statements that capital punishment can be used by the state
What are religious arguments against capital punishment?
- the fifth commandment says ‘do not kill’
- St Augustine said we should try to use as many other forms possible
- only god has the power to give and take away life
What are non religious arguments for capital punishment?
- acts as a good deterrent
- only retribution for murder is the death penalty
What are non religious arguments against capital punishment?
- countries without the death penalty have lower murder rates
- murderers regard life imprisonment worse than death
What is salvation?
The belief that through Jesus death and resurrection humanity has achieved the possibility of life forever with God
What is the Paschal mystery?
The suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus
What is redemption?
Forgiveness of sins through Jesus’ sacrifice
What is the role of grace in redemption
- it is a free and undeserved gift from God
- Christians believe they do not deserve this but are given it freely
During Jesus’ life what did he show what God was like?
- loving father
- Jesus spent his life with the poor and needy
- showed God’s care by forgiveness and healing the sick
What is a sacrifice?
means to make an offering of yourself at a big cost
Why is the resurrection important to Christians?
- Catholics believe Jesus overcoming death proves he was the Son of God (only God can conquer death)
- Resurrection demonstrates Jesus is their saviour
What is the significance of ascension?
- Jesus’ mission on Earth was complete
- Returned to heaven to prepare a place for his.followers
- completed everything God wanted him to
How does free will and God’s loving mercy link?
- humans can choose how to spend their life
- ## God’s love is unconditional but he cannot force it upon us
What are the four marks in the Nicene Creed?
- one
- holy
- catholic
- apostolic
What does the ‘one’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- because of its source, which is the Holy Trinity, a perfect unity of three divine persons
- because of its founder, Jesus Christ who came or reconcile and unite all mankind
- because of its ‘soul’ the Holy Spirit who guides the Church
What does the ‘holy’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- Catholics believe Jesus is the source of all holiness
- Jesus makes the church holy and uses it to make people holy - through worship, prayer and teaching
What does the ‘catholic’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- church has the task of reaching out to the whole world with the message of Jesus - church is for everyone
What does the ‘apostolic’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- Catholics believe that Jesus Christ founded the Church and gave his authority to his apostles
- way the Church in the faith was preserved, taught and handed by the apostles
How is Mary presented as a model of the Church through dedication?
- example of total self-giving
- she did not hold back but gave her whole life to God
How is Mary presented as a model of the Church through faith?
- Mary had total faith in god and her son
- she didn’t question God’s will when she told she would have a child, even though she was a virgin
How is Mary presented as a model of the Church through discipleship?
- spent her whole life dedicated to Jesus
- seen as a role model as a guide to the way Christians should, serve God
How is the Church seen as a body of Christ?
- Jesus lives through his followers, and in the Church, which is his body on earth
- Each person within the church has a different talent that they can use for the good of the church in the same way that each part of the body has a different ability
- they become a part of the Catholic Church through baptism
What is the traditional saying of the early Church fathers regarding salvation?
‘Outside the Church there is no salvation’
This phrase is referenced in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, sections 845-846.
Does the claim ‘Outside the Church there is no salvation’ imply that only Catholics are saved?
No, it does not imply that Catholics are in Heaven and everyone else is in Hell.
What is the purpose of the phrase ‘Outside the Church there is no salvation’?
It answers the question of those seeking holiness and salvation.
What happens to those who have never heard the ‘Outside the Church there is no salvation’ according to this teaching?
They may achieve salvation by living according to their conscience.
What are individuals who live by their conscience and may achieve salvation called?
Anonymous Christians.
Fill in the blank: ‘Outside the Church there is no _______.’
salvation
What is the Eucharist?
Where the bread and wine becomes the body and blood of Jesus
What are features of a Catholic Church and how they represent worship and mystery of salvation?
- tall with domes (creates a space pointing up) = represents a connection with God and heaven
- stained glass = display stories from the Bible or lives of saints
- cruxiform churches = importance death of Jesus
How does the sacred object the ‘altar’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- table structure made out of stone
- consecrates bread and wine here
- helps recall the last supper (altar is a table)
How does the sacred object the ‘tabernacle’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- consecrated host are kept here
How does the sacred object the ‘crucifix’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- reminder of the death and suffering of Jesus
- death of Jesus was the price of salvation
- Jesus died for them to forgive their sins and give them eternal life
How does the sacred object the ‘lectern’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- book stand
- word scripture that was read from here
- at mass they are nourished and fed by listening to the word of God