sin and forgiveness + life and death Flashcards
1
Q
What is sin
A
Acting against the will or laws of God
2
Q
What is absolutism
A
Believe that there are certain actions that are always right or always wrong
3
Q
What is relativism?
A
Belief that rules can change and some are right or wrong
4
Q
What is crime?
A
When someone does an action against the law
5
Q
What is the difference between sin and a crime using examples?
A
Crime is when someone breaks the law for example a robbery
Sin is an action which goes against the will or laws of God for example, adultery
6
Q
What is deterrence?
A
Punishment put people off committing a crime i.e. jail
7
Q
How does deterrence put people off committing crime?
A
- Knowing they will be punished will make a criminal think twice before breaking the law
- seeing people criminals being punished put people off committing the same crime
8
Q
What is retribution?
A
Making the criminal pay for what they have done
9
Q
What is retribution in aim of punishment?
A
- Punishment should be motivated by justice not revenge
- People feel that it is fair and just that criminals get what they deserve
10
Q
What is rehabilitation?
A
Helping criminals reform, through education, counselling and training, so they don’t reoffend
11
Q
How is rehabilitation an aim of punishment?
A
- criminals are less likely to commit crime again and helps them to be productive members of society
- Societal factors like poverty and poor parenting mean that people are more likely to turn to crime unless these are addressed then people will continue to offend
12
Q
What is punishment?
A
The consequences of a wrong decision and the penalty imposed by a person in authority on the person who has committed wrongdoing
13
Q
What is forgiveness?
A
The act of pardoning someone for the offence they have caused you
14
Q
How does the parable of the tax collector teach us about forgiveness?
A
He visited Zacchaeus the tax collector, unknown cheat, allowing him to change and reform
15
Q
How does the parable of the prodigal son teach about forgiveness?
A
The father forgives his son and welcomes him back even though he had done wrong
16
Q
What is the woman caught in adultery teach us about forgiveness?
A
Jesus forgave the woman caught adultery, telling her to ‘go sin no more’.
17
Q
When did Jesus show forgiveness in the last moments of his life?
A
When he was being put to death. On the cross he says ‘Father forgive them for they do not know what they are doing’.
18
Q
What happens on judgement day?
A
Go to judge or humans according to how they have behaved
19
Q
What is capital punishment also known as?
A
The death penalty
20
Q
When was the death penalty abolished in the UK?
A
1965
21
Q
Who disagrees with capital punishment?
A
Pope francis
22
Q
What are religious arguments for capital punishment?
A
- Jesus never taught the death penalty was wrong
- Old Testament teaches us death penalty should be used for some crimes
- Catholic Church has not cancelled their statements that capital punishment can be used by the state
23
Q
What are religious arguments against capital punishment?
A
- the fifth commandment says ‘do not kill’
- St Augustine said we should try to use as many other forms possible
- only god has the power to give and take away life
24
Q
What are non religious arguments for capital punishment?
A
- acts as a good deterrent
- only retribution for murder is the death penalty
25
What are non religious arguments against capital punishment?
- countries without the death penalty have lower murder rates
- murderers regard life imprisonment worse than death
26
What is salvation?
The belief that through Jesus death and resurrection humanity has achieved the possibility of life forever with God
27
What is the Paschal mystery?
The suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus
28
What is redemption?
Forgiveness of sins through Jesus’ sacrifice
29
What is the role of grace in redemption
- it is a free and undeserved gift from God
- Christians believe they do not deserve this but are given it freely
30
During Jesus’ life what did he show what God was like?
- loving father
- Jesus spent his life with the poor and needy
- showed God’s care by forgiveness and healing the sick
31
What is a sacrifice?
means to make an offering of yourself at a big cost
32
Why is the resurrection important to Christians?
- Catholics believe Jesus overcoming death proves he was the Son of God (only God can conquer death)
- Resurrection demonstrates Jesus is their saviour
33
What is the significance of ascension?
- Jesus’ mission on Earth was complete
- Returned to heaven to prepare a place for his.followers
- completed everything God wanted him to
34
How does free will and God’s loving mercy link?
- humans can choose how to spend their life
- God’s love is unconditional but he cannot force it upon us
-
35
What are the four marks in the Nicene Creed?
- one
- holy
- catholic
- apostolic
36
What does the ‘one’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- because of its source, which is the Holy Trinity, a perfect unity of three divine persons
- because of its founder, Jesus Christ who came or reconcile and unite all mankind
- because of its ‘soul’ the Holy Spirit who guides the Church
37
What does the ‘holy’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- Catholics believe Jesus is the source of all holiness
- Jesus makes the church holy and uses it to make people holy - through worship, prayer and teaching
38
What does the ‘catholic’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- church has the task of reaching out to the whole world with the message of Jesus - church is for everyone
39
What does the ‘apostolic’ mark in the Nicene Creed state?
- Catholics believe that Jesus Christ founded the Church and gave his authority to his apostles
- way the Church in the faith was preserved, taught and handed by the apostles
40
How is Mary presented as a model of the Church through dedication?
- example of total self-giving
- she did not hold back but gave her whole life to God
41
How is Mary presented as a model of the Church through faith?
- Mary had total faith in god and her son
- she didn’t question God’s will when she told she would have a child, even though she was a virgin
42
How is Mary presented as a model of the Church through discipleship?
- spent her whole life dedicated to Jesus
- seen as a role model as a guide to the way Christians should, serve God
43
How is the Church seen as a body of Christ?
- Jesus lives through his followers, and in the Church, which is his body on earth
- Each person within the church has a different talent that they can use for the good of the church in the same way that each part of the body has a different ability
- they become a part of the Catholic Church through baptism
44
What is the traditional saying of the early Church fathers regarding salvation?
'Outside the Church there is no salvation'
## Footnote
This phrase is referenced in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, sections 845-846.
45
Does the claim 'Outside the Church there is no salvation' imply that only Catholics are saved?
No, it does not imply that Catholics are in Heaven and everyone else is in Hell.
46
What is the purpose of the phrase 'Outside the Church there is no salvation'?
It answers the question of those seeking holiness and salvation.
47
What happens to those who have never heard the ‘Outside the Church there is no salvation’ according to this teaching?
They may achieve salvation by living according to their conscience.
48
What are individuals who live by their conscience and may achieve salvation called?
Anonymous Christians.
49
Fill in the blank: 'Outside the Church there is no _______.'
salvation
50
What is the Eucharist?
Where the bread and wine becomes the body and blood of Jesus
51
What are features of a Catholic Church and how they represent worship and mystery of salvation?
- tall with domes (creates a space pointing up) = represents a connection with God and heaven
- stained glass = display stories from the Bible or lives of saints
- cruxiform churches = importance death of Jesus
52
How does the sacred object the ‘altar’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- table structure made out of stone
- consecrates bread and wine here
- helps recall the last supper (altar is a table)
53
How does the sacred object the ‘tabernacle’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- consecrated host are kept here
54
How does the sacred object the ‘crucifix’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- reminder of the death and suffering of Jesus
- death of Jesus was the price of salvation
- Jesus died for them to forgive their sins and give them eternal life
55
How does the sacred object the ‘lectern’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- book stand
- word scripture that was read from here
- at mass they are nourished and fed by listening to the word of God
56
How does the sacred object the ‘baptismal font’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- big stone bowl filled with water
- baptism is a sacrament by which a person becomes a christian
57
How does the sacred object the ‘stoup’ represent Catholic beliefs about salvation?
- sign themselves with water
- remind themselves of the trinity, death of Jesus and their own baptism
58
A Sacrament is what
An outward sign of inward grace
59
What is the meaning of the sacrament baptism
- water is poured on a baby’s head while child is baptised
- becomes part of the family of God and it takes away original sin
60
What is the meaning of the sacrament confirmation
- laying on of hands on a person’s head and anointing with oil
- completes sacrament of baptism and gives a new life to follow Jesus
61
What is the meaning of the sacrament Eucharist
- eat the body and blood of Jesus
- fed spiritually
62
What is the meaning of the sacrament penance
- confession of sins
- Catholics experience Gods forgiveness and healing
63
What is the meaning of the sacrament anointing of the sick
- anointed with oil
- strength in illness
- prepares those who are close to death to meet God
64
What is the meaning of the sacrament holy orders
- laying on of hands and anointing with oil by a bishop
- gods prescence is known
65
What is the meaning of the sacrament matrimony
- wedding rings and vows exchanged in marriage
- lifelong love and commitment to each other
66
Where do Catholics believe Christ is present in the Mass?
- bread and wine
- readings
- person of the priest
- other catholics
67
What is evangelisation?
Spreading the good news i.e the gospel
68
What is the title of the letter written by Pope Francis in 2013 on evangelisation?
Evangeli gaudium
## Footnote
'Evangeli gaudium' translates to 'The joy of the gospel' in Latin.
69
What does Pope Francis emphasize as the way to share the gospel?
Show love and care for the weak, vulnerable, and poor.
70
What is Pope Francis's vision for the Church regarding the poor?
A Church which is poor and for the poor
## Footnote
This is a direct quote from Evangeli gaudium (198).
71
Who does Pope Francis highlight as needing special love and care?
The poor and the sick, those who are usually despised and overlooked.
72
According to Pope Francis, which groups should Catholics care for?
* The homeless
* The addicted
* Refugees
* Indigenous peoples
* The elderly who are increasingly isolated and abandoned
73
What does Pope Francis suggest about parishes?
Parishes should be welcoming places, ready to greet new people.
74
What attitude does Pope Francis encourage among Catholics regarding the gospel?
Catholics should be outward looking.
75
Fill in the blank: Pope Francis believes that Catholics should look for new ways to _______.
spread the gospel message.
76
How does the Church engage in evangelisation locally?
- charitable work
- social events
- work as a catechist
- married and raising children
77
How does the Church engage in evangelisation nationally
- attend national events and conferences to share their faith
- bishops conference of a country helps catholics know and share the gospel
78
How does the Church engage in evangelisation globally?
- world youth days
- social media like twitter or YouTube
- CAFOD
79
What is the nature of society in the UK regarding religion?
The UK is a multi-faith society where people of different religions and no religion live alongside each other.
## Footnote
This includes a variety of beliefs such as Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Sikhism, Humanism, and Atheism.
80
What significant change was noted in the 2011 census compared to the 2001 census regarding religious belief in Britain?
An increase in the diversity of religious and non-religious beliefs and practices was noted.
## Footnote
This includes a broader representation of various faiths and a rise in non-religious beliefs.
81
What proportion of respondents in the 2011 census identified as Christian?
Over half of those who responded considered themselves Christian.
## Footnote
This indicates that Christianity remains a significant belief system in Britain despite increasing diversity.
82
What benefits and challenges arise from the increasing diversity of beliefs in the UK?
The diversity brings both benefits and challenges.
## Footnote
Benefits may include cultural enrichment, while challenges could involve misunderstandings or conflicts between different belief systems.
83
What does the Catholic Church teach regarding people of other faiths?
The Catholic Church teaches that people of other faiths should be respected.
## Footnote
Catholics are encouraged to be sensitive to those who have no beliefs yet seek to do good.
84
Fill in the blank: Less people are familiar with the _______ story now.
gospel
## Footnote
This suggests a decline in religious education or engagement.
85
True or False: Attendance at church has increased in recent years.
False
## Footnote
The text indicates that fewer people attend church regularly.
86
What difficulty is mentioned regarding reaching people today?
It might be difficult to reach people due to decreased familiarity with the gospel story and lower church attendance.
## Footnote
This presents a challenge for religious outreach and engagement.
87
What are benefits of a religious diversity?
- greater tolerance and understanding others
- new ways of enjoying life
- better understanding of different viewpoints
88
What are challenges of a religious diversity?
- tension exists between faith groups
- people’s beliefs may be ignored
- not easy to be understanding of other viewpoints
89
What are issues of a religious diversity?
- conversion = can be issues where one group of religious believers to convert one another
- interfaith marriages = two members of different religions get married / cause conflict
- raising children = both parents want their child raised in their own faith
90
What is interfaith dialogue led by?
- respect
- listening
- share common values
- recognise common features between faiths
91
What is euthanasia
Good or gentle death
End the life of a person with a serious illness
92
What is assisted suicide
When an individual seeks help to end their own life in a pain free way
93
What is palliative care
Care for those who are terminally ill and their families
94
What is death
End of physical life
When the physical body ceases completely to function
95
What is eternal life
Term used to refer to life in heaven after death
Jesus uses it to describe a state of living as God intends which leads to a life in heaven
96
What are Catholic beliefs on the meaning of death and dying well
- death is not the end of our existence
- Catholics believe when Jesus died on the cross, and then rose from the dead, he defeated death
- death is not the end of life, but the beginning of a new after life
- St Paul teaches death is not the end of life but a change to life
97
What impact does the belief of death have on Catholics
- prepare themselves to die : write wills, discuss funeral plans
- not acceptive of euthanasia or assisted suicide
- accept palliative care
98
What does palliative care aim to do
- aims to reduce pain and to allow the individual to retain as much dignity and quality of life as possible
- hospices provide pain relief, medication and practical help
99
Why does the Catholic Church support the use of palliative care
- respects the dignity of the dying person
- tries to maintain a good quality of life for the dying person
100
Who do Catholics take part in liturgies and rituals to help them prepare and grieve for the dying
- may discuss and plan funeral arrangements
- receive anointing of the sick
- pray
101
Who do Catholics take part in liturgies and rituals to help them prepare and grieve for the deceased
- funerals include images and symbols to show the hope of eternal life
- hymns and music may be used to show beliefs about eternal life
- prayers are said for the deceased
102
Is euthanasia and assisted suicide legal in the UK
no
103
Why are Catholics completely against euthanasia and assisted suicide
- ending a life is wrong
- life is sacred and should be protected
- form of murder
- alternatives are available
- suffering reminds us of Jesus and helps us grow and develop
104
What is the magisterium
Pope and Bishops interpretation of the Bible and tradition for Catholics today
105
What can the magisterium be split into
- ordinary magisterium
- extra ordinary magisterium
106
What is the ordinary magisterium
- everyday teachings of the Catholic Church
- often in the forms of modern letters
- updates to modern issues such as: abortion, euthanasia, global warming
107
What is the resurrection?
An event in Christianity where Jesus was crucified on a cross, was laid in a tomb and three days came back to life
108
The Catholics believe the resurrection happened because
- all four gospels in the Bible mentioned
- St Paul teaches that Jesus resurrected
- Mary Magdalene witnessed the resurrected Jesus
- the Apostles saw the resurrected Jesus and Thomas touched the wounds of Christ
109
What do Catholics believe about resurrection
- there is life after death
- they can resurrect just like Jesus
- God can defeat death showing his omnipotence
- Jesus had came back to life in both body and soul
110
What is the immortality of the soul
When the body dies, the soul will live on - it is eternal
111
What is evidence of immortality of the soul
St Paul helped to explain how the soul makes us unique and allows us to have an afterlife
In order to do this the soul must come from God and will not die with the body
112
What is a sarcophagus
Stone coffin which has images carved into it - reveals something about the person who has died
113
sarcophagus : museo pio cristiano
What is it
Passion of Christ
Last days of Jesus life
Shows the person believed in the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus
114
Labelling the sarcophagus : museo pio cristiano
- Simon of Cyrene carries Jesus cross- it was too heavy for Jesus to carry
- Jesus given crown of thorns / mocked and called King of the Jews - crown has jewels in showing Jesus victory over sin and death
- Jesus presented on trial to Pilate - questioned but found innocent and still sentenced to death
- Pilate washing his hands - didn’t want to take responsibility for executing Jesus
- Cross with Chi Ro symbol - Chi Ro represents name ‘Christ’ and placed in a wreath of victory, showing Jesus’ death on the cross was a victory over death and sin, not a defeat
115
What is prayer about
- connecting with God who is beyond us
- helps develop a relationship with God
116
What is a petition
- asking God for something
- asking God for good things in our lives, the world and others
- only will happen if it’s what god wants
117
What are types of prayer
- adoration
- petition
- intercession
- repentance
- thanks giving
118
What is petition as a type of prayer
Player which aks God to help you in some way
119
What is intercession as a type of prayer
Prayers which ask God to help others
120
What is repentance as a type of prayer
Prayers which focus upon admitting faults or mistakes so they are not repeated
121
What is thanksgiving as a type of prayer
Showing and giving thanks to God for all the wonderful things that happen
122
What is adoration as a type of prayer
Praise God for being wonderful- can take the form of prayers or actions
123
What are some things that take place at a funeral
- priest will sprinkle coffin with Hold water (reminds of persons baptism)
- bible readings which focus on life after death are read
- priest walks around coffin with a thurible and release incense about the coffin (incense rises upwards and hope the persons soul will rise up to heaven
124
What are symbols found at a funeral
- coffin placed near altar and covered with a white pall (symbolises purity and how everyone is equal)
- book of Gospels placed on coffin to show how the person lived the values and teachings of Jesus out throughout their lives
- crucifix placed on coffin to reminds Jesus victory over death
- paschal candle is lit to reminds Catholics of the hope of resurrection
125
What are hymns
Religious songs
126
Why are hymns important
- help Catholics participate in mass
- form of prayers
- helps Catholic reflect on Bible teachings
127
What are the parts of Mass that are sung
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Angus Dei
128
What is a requirem
A funeral mass with music
129
Who is faure
Wrote classical music to show Vatholic beliefs about eternal life
130
What did Faure want to show
- you can be sad about death but be hopeful of their resurrection
- deceased person is with God
- death is to not be feared
- heaven is peaceful and happy
131
What do Catholics think of FUre’s requirem
- comforting for those who listen to it and helps with grieving
- offers hope that death is not the end and there can be elife in heaven
- eternal life can be peaceful and with God
- shows there is no need to fear death
132
What is judgement
When each individual will be held to account by God for the things they have done or failed to do during their lives
133
What is heaven
For those who have accepted Gods grace and forgiveness in this life; they will enjoy an eternal existence in God's presence in the next life. This face-to-face encounter with God is what is called heaven'.
134
What is hell
for those who through the exercise of their own free will ultimately reject God's grace and forgiveness; they will have chosen to live eternally outside of God's presence. This total lack of God for all eternity is what is called 'hell'.
135
What are quality of life arguments FOR
- many think it’s a basic human right
- advances in medicine would’ve kept people alive
- people who believe in free will believe it is wrong to keep someone alive who has no hope of recovery
136
What are sanctity of life arguments AGAINST
- life is created by God so it is up to God when people die
- people want to live but may go through euthanasia as they feel as if they are a burden to society
- people may change decisions about dying then might be too late
- all life is apsacred
137
What is the paschal candle and what does it symbolise
Candle used during Easter week in the church - symbolises the fact Jesus resurrection was a triumph over death
138
What are significant symbols on the Paschal calendar
- alpha and omega symbolise Christ as the first and last
- cross symbolise Christian faith because it’s due to the cruxifition of Christ that resurrection was possible
- five wounds symbolise the five wounds Jesus received at his crucifixion
- the year reminds people that Jesus is the same for all time and that salvation earned by Jesus is as real now as it was in the past
139
What is the use of the Easter candle in baptisms
Remind people of the resurrection
Remind that light of Christ gas defeated the darkness of sin
