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religion > origins + meaning and good + evil > Flashcards

origins + meaning and good + evil Flashcards

1
Q

What is creation ex nihilo

A

‘Creation out of nothing’

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2
Q

What is evolution?

A

Process of mutation and natural selection which leads to changes in species overtime to adapt to environments

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3
Q

What is imago dei

A

Made in the image of god

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4
Q

What is inspiration

A

‘God breathed’
Spirit of God guides us to act or write what is good and true

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5
Q

What is omnipotent

A

God is all powerful

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6
Q

What is revelation

A

Ways in Gods reveals himself to us

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7
Q

What is stewardship

A

Duty to care for creation responsibly to protect it for future generations

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8
Q

What is transcendence

A

Existing out of time and space

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9
Q

What do Catholics believe about creation?

A
  • only god created the world
  • God created the world ‘ex nihilo’ supported by Genesis 1
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10
Q

What are St Augustine’s belief on creation

A
  • Creation was through God
  • Creation ex nihilo
  • God is omnipotent
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11
Q

What are fundamentalist beliefs on creation?

A

-took 6 days
-bible is inspired by God and is never mistaken
- everything is 100% true

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12
Q

What are Christian beliefs of creation

A
  • not to be taken literally
  • each day could be a billion years (agree with bible and science)
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13
Q

What are Catholic beliefs of creation?

A
  • read stories in a symbolic way
  • two accounts of creation have the same details - share the same truths
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14
Q

What does Genesis 1 tell us about creation

A
  • transcendence = God is above and beyond creation making him unlike anything that exists
  • Eternal = God creates heaven and earth ‘In the beginning’ - God already existed
  • Omnipotent = creation happens just by God commanding it ‘Let there be light’
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15
Q

What does Genesis 2 tell us about creation

A

Agrees with Genesis 1
- omnibenevolent = god created out of love / provides humans with everything
- immanent = god is not distant from the world / walked through the garden of Eden with Adam

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16
Q

What are Jewish attitudes to creation

A

-God is creator and all source of life
- Jews celebrate Shabbat weekly
- Orthodox Jews = believe stories are true accounts / reject big bang and evolution
- Reform = creation accounts are stories which shouldn’t be taken as historical facts

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17
Q

What is the Big Bang

A
  • creation of earth 13.7 billion years ago
  • created by George Leimitrae (Catholic priest)
  • all matter concentrated into a tiny point which expanded into the universe and still expanding
  • caused stars and planets to be formed
  • Stephen hawking accepst this theory
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18
Q

What are Catholic view on big bang

A

Accept it
Science - how the world came about
Religion - why the world came about
- pope Frances declared Big Bang and evolution are compatible with creation story and that God is not a magician with a magic want

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19
Q

What is evolution in depth

A
  • how life came about according to science
  • proposed by Charles Darwin
  • certain characteristics helps animals to survive pass them on to generations
  • takes million of years
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20
Q

What is the Catholic view of evolution

A
  • some do not accept it
  • Genesis needs to be understood symbolically
  • Pope John Paul II said there is ‘no conflict between evolution and the doctrine of faith’
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21
Q

What is sanctity of life

A
  • belief life is sacred and holy
  • should be protected
  • imago dei
  • each person is unique
  • against abortion and euthanasia
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22
Q

What did St Catherine of Siena say about Imago Dei

A
  • soul is made in imago dei
  • humans come from God
  • God made us out of love
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23
Q

What are Jewish beliefs on sanctity of life

A
  • god is the creator
  • humans are created in imago dei
  • life is precious
  • 10 commandments ‘Do not Kill’
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24
Q

What are views on abortion by the Catholic Church

A
  • wrong in all ways
  • adoption is available
  • life begins at conception
  • ‘Do not kill’
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25
Q

What are Christian views on abortion

A

The Anglican Church against abortion artist as it is a great moral evil
They encourage adoption
Sanctity of life
However, if the mother’s life is in danger, pregnancy is a result of rape, or the child is likely to be severely disabled they will allow abortion

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26
Q

What are humanist views on abortion

A

Humanist campaign for abortion to be legal in the. 1960s to stop unsafe, illegal abortions
Pro choice
Peter singer said all human life has value but to not of equal value

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27
Q

What are catholic response to Peter singer?

A

Humans remain a person whether they are conscious or not
Agree, animal should be treated with care and looked after
Humans have a dignity animals do not have as they were created in imago dei

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28
Q

What are catholic beliefs about nature of human beings and the relations ship with creation?

A

Both Genesis accounts for human life is special and sacred
Special responsibility to take care of the world
Sanctity of life – humans are created last and all the high point of Gods creation
Humans are created inimago dei
Adam has authority to name the animals

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29
Q

What is stewardship in detail?

A

Duty to care for creation
Need to cut down on pollution, careful for animals and make sure the world is in the best shape to pass onto next generations
The Catholic Church teaches everyone has a duty to contribute to the good of society act justly and seek justice for others

30
Q

What are humanist attitudes to stewardship?

A

Need to look after the world, not because God created it
Use their reason to make ethical decisions
Humans would go extinct if we didn’t look after the world
All based on reason and not God

31
Q

Bible

A

Inspired by the word of God
Has authority as messages come from God impacting how they live their lives
Old Testament are different types of writings
- Law
- History
- Wisdom
- Prophets
new Testament based on life and teachings of Jesus and apostles
- Gospels
- Act of the apostles
- Letters
- Book of revelation

32
Q

What are Jewish beliefs about the Torah?

A

First five books of the Tana
Holiest and most important part of scripture for Jews
Moses receive Torah from God on Mount Sinai
Orthodox = must be taken literally and not change to seek obey mitzvah as duties in life
Reform = don’t take literally and sometimes adapt to fit modern life

33
Q

Painting = Michelangelo‘s creation of Adam

A

ADAM
Young resembles good luck a son, mirrors the pose of God / shows God created a perfect world humans made an image and likeness of God
GOD
Older, grey, strong, powerful, reaches out to Adam / God is both eternal and powerful, parent chose relationship between God and humanity – father of all creation
GOD AND ADAMS HANDS
Reaching out to each other / spark of life given to all humans, human life is a gift from God, always yearning for relationship with God
CLOUD
God on a cloud surrounded by angels, green cloth hanging down / greatness and transcendence of God, omniscient, God gives life in the same ways give life to a new child

34
Q

Tree of life apse mosaic

A

Cross and tree
- crosses a crucifixion scene with Mary and John beside it, Hand of God offering a wreath of victory to Christ
Tree
- Tree of life
Doves
- Symbol of peace and sign of Holy Spirit, doves represented the apostles
Lamb
- Lamb of God is central lamb, lamb of God saved humanity from singing and death just like sacrificed lamb had saved Israelites, 12 lambs are disciples
Alpha and Omega
- 1st and last letters of Greek alphabet, God is beginning and ending of all things
Evangelists
- Matthew, Mark, Luke, John,

35
Q

What are catholic social teachings?

A

Set of principles about building a just and society
Human dignity = humans created an Imogen likeness of God, linked to Jesus’s teaching love their neighbourhood, Catholics take strong position of issues about beginning and ending of life
Justice, peace and reconciliation = peace and reconciliation at the heart of the gospel, Catholic social teaching condemn the trades and supports those who refuse to take up arms on grounds on conscience
Gaudium et Spes = encyclical about imago dei, all human possess a soul given by God, greater quality of must be given greater recognition

36
Q

What does interface dialogue?

A

Leads to harmony and the safe and happy society
Duty to put across gospel’s message
Other religion should be respected
Provide mutual understanding
Vatican Council stressed importance of dialogue

37
Q

What is CAFOD

A

Catholic agency for overseas development
Started by Catholic bishops in 1962
Help those in need
Short-term and long-term aid
Disaster fund to help natural disasters and refugees
Tries to live out church mission on a global scale
Works for social justice, challenging unfairness and tries to bring end to poverty

38
Q

What is conscience

A

human reasoning for making moral decisions - knowledge of what we have right and wrong

39
Q

What is evil?

A

An absence of good and the impulse to see our own desires at the expense of the good of others

40
Q

What is free will

A

Able to choose right from wrong without being controlled by other forces

41
Q

What is goodness?

A

Quantity of being like God, seeking the well-being of other selflessly

42
Q

What is incarnation?

A

God became man and the person of Jesus, fully human and fully divine

43
Q

What is natural law?

A

Moral laws of right and wrong, which are universal and not depend on human laws, discoverable by every human being and the same for all humans

44
Q

What is privation?

A

Loss of absence of quality which is usually there, evil is the privation of good

45
Q

What is suffering?

A

Pain or loss which harms human beings, some is caused by humans is not

46
Q

What are catholic perspectives on the origin of evil?

A

FREE WILL
Evil exist due to free will
Good choices equal goodness of the world increases
Bad choices, equal evil and suffering happen
Moral evil – humans make it
ORIGINAL SIN
Genesis three – Adam and Eve disobedience
Take story literally – Adam and Eve disobedient introduced bad things into the world and affects all humans who descend from them

47
Q

What does Saint Augustine believe about privation?

A

Evil helps us appreciate the good
Evil is not a thing
Evil makes us better

48
Q

What are other Christian views on privation

A

Humans are made in the image of God – not made perfect
Suffering and evil is the best way for humans to develop
Free choices – learn to make correct choices
Process of soul making is a response to evil in the world – allow allows us to grow and become better people

49
Q

What are Jewish beliefs on the origin of evil?

A

Do not believe in the original sin
Do not believe humans inherit the guilt from Adam and Eve
Torah – God gave humans choices and important to struggle against inclination to do evil by a bit giving obedience to God
Not possible to hide evil actions from God

50
Q

Who made the inconsistent triad and what was it?

A

David Hume
All three things are inconsistent not all can be through at the same time
Evil exist, God is omnibenevolent, God is omnipotent

51
Q

What are John Mackie’s response to Hume’s inconsistent triads

A

Evil is necessary as the opposite of good
Evil helps us become better people
Evil is a consequence of free will

52
Q

What do Catholics mean by the goodness of God?

A

Catholics mean God is the cause of goodness and others
God’s goodness is essential – it is an unchanging aspect of who God is
God is good as he created the world

53
Q

What are Jewish beliefs on the goodness of God?

A

God is a source of our life
He is a judge and merciful
He will protect and careful all he has created
Goodness of God is shown by the creation of the world and giving of Torah
Fleeing of Israelites from Egypt – shows God‘s goodness and care

54
Q

What is the meaning of suffering and catholic ambivalence

A

Suffering is a mystery
- God Jesus are suffering to bring about greater goods that would not have been possible without it
Suffering as a sign of love
- Love is impossible without suffering
- Nothing last forever
Suffering as a proof of commitment
- jesus made Claire being a disciple required sacrifice and cost ‘whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me’
Suffering and death of Jesus
- Suffering of Jesus bought about something good

55
Q

Isaiah 53 – the suffering servant

A

Describes how the acceptance of suffering by suffering servant brought about salvation
Christian saw the passage as a prophecy of Jesus and the way in which has suffering would bring about blessings for others

56
Q

Jewish beliefs about suffering

A

Don’t read Isaiah 53
Jews have same and ambivalence towards suffering
Human made a natural made suffering
Often risen from free world God has given to humans
Can be test for punishment from God
shouldn’t question why God has been suffering

57
Q

The Trinity

A

Christian beliefs about God is that he is one and he exist as three persons
- Father, son, Holy Spirit
In the creed the Trinity‘s explained
- The father created heaven on earth, the Sun is a saviour of the world, and the Holy Spirit is an invisible spiritual power who guides, help and inspire human beings

58
Q

What’s the importance of the Trinity?

A

Sign of the cross
Not possible for Christians to believe Jesus is God
Missing Creed recited during prayer and worship and baptism

59
Q

What are Saint Augustine’s belief on the Trinity?

A

God is love
Love needs three things
- The person who was doing the loving, the person who is being loved, the love itself

60
Q

What are Jewish views on the Trinity?

A

Don’t believe Jesus was God
Do not believe in the Trinity
God is all powerful
God is the only God

61
Q

What is incarnation more in depth?

A

Jesus is fully human and fully guard
Jesus is one person with two natures which are human and divine
Kenosis - hymn of praise all Christians used to think about Jesus – contains the idea that Jesus emptied himself of his equality with God, in becoming a human

62
Q

Incarnation of the problem of evil (Salvifici Doloris)

A

Saving power of suffering
Christians are willingly offer up own suffering in prayer for the sake of others, somehow share in the saving suffering of Jesus
Difficult to understand

63
Q

What are Jewish views incarnation?

A

Not except Jesus was God as a challenge is the belief of God is one
Stated in the Shema and 10 Commandments

64
Q

Jesus and moral authority

A

Jesus and sinners = spent time with outcast, sinners, an adult is those who are seen as an outcast to society and forgave them
Jesus and the sick = heals people who are sick, spent time with those who were sick and seen as outcast
Teachings of Jesus
Beattitudes
- How people should live their lives
- List of blessings
- Golden rule of due to others as you would want them due to you

65
Q

What does natural law, conscience, virtues, and suffering, show about moral authority?

A

Natural law
- It’s all morals
- Avoid evil do good
Conscience
- Ability to discover natural law is conscience
- Must follow conscience
Virtues and suffering
- Moral habits humans need to practice to become good people
- Can grow virtue through experience of suffering

66
Q

Statues

A

Do not pray the statues
Reminder of God in Jesus and deeds help them to focus in prayer
Don’t pray to marry or saint but ask them to in intercede

67
Q

Michelangelo’s Pieta

A

Mary’s left hand is positioned with an open palm - Mary is at peace after witnessing her son’s crucifixion
Both figures are beautiful and idolise despite their suffering showing catholic belief of am benevolence towards suffering
Mary’s right hand does not come into contact with flesh but it’s holding the body with a cloth – shows sacredness of Jesus’s body
Mary is bigger than Jesus and supporting his whole body on her lap – echoing Mary as a mother of Jesus as if she is holding a baby in her arms

68
Q

What are Jewish views on statues?

A

Goes against 10 Commandments
Do not have statues in synagogues
No representation of God as he is above human understanding

69
Q

What is a pilgrimage and what is the purpose?

A

Journey to a holy place
Why
- Pray together to feel supported
- Come closer to God
-Pray for sick
- Way of thanking God
- Seek physical, emotional or spiritual healing

70
Q

Lord as a place of pilgrimage

A

Dedicated to Mary
In 1858 Bernardette had visions of Mary
Thousand years ago to pray at the grotto
Young people volunteer as helpers for the sick and disabled pilgrims

71
Q

The rosary

A

closer to God
Includes the our father, hail Mary, glory be
Full rosary is 150 Hail Mary’s
The four mysteries are luminous, joyful, sorrowful, and glorious

72
Q

What are the sorrowful mysteries?

A

Agony in the garden = Jesus was left alone with no support from the disciples
Scourging at the pillar = Jesus was ridiculed, mocked and humiliated. Hit him with the whips that had nails at the end of them.
Crowning with thorns = used to mock Jesus as the king of the Jews
The weight of the cross = made to carry a heavy cross that he would be killed on - fell three times from exhaustion
The crucifixion = Jesus is stripped of his clothes and now so driven through his wrists and mocked by the soldiers

religion (3 decks)

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