origins + meaning and good + evil Flashcards

1
Q

What is creation ex nihilo

A

‘Creation out of nothing’

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2
Q

What is evolution?

A

Process of mutation and natural selection which leads to changes in species overtime to adapt to environments

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3
Q

What is imago dei

A

Made in the image of god

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4
Q

What is inspiration

A

‘God breathed’
Spirit of God guides us to act or write what is good and true

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5
Q

What is omnipotent

A

God is all powerful

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6
Q

What is revelation

A

Ways in Gods reveals himself to us

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7
Q

What is stewardship

A

Duty to care for creation responsibly to protect it for future generations

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8
Q

What is transcendence

A

Existing out of time and space

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9
Q

What do Catholics believe about creation?

A
  • only god created the world
  • God created the world ‘ex nihilo’ supported by Genesis 1
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10
Q

What are St Augustine’s belief on creation

A
  • Creation was through God
  • Creation ex nihilo
  • God is omnipotent
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11
Q

What are fundamentalist beliefs on creation?

A

-took 6 days
-bible is inspired by God and is never mistaken
- everything is 100% true

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12
Q

What are Christian beliefs of creation

A
  • not to be taken literally
  • each day could be a billion years (agree with bible and science)
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13
Q

What are Catholic beliefs of creation?

A
  • read stories in a symbolic way
  • two accounts of creation have the same details - share the same truths
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14
Q

What does Genesis 1 tell us about creation

A
  • transcendence = God is above and beyond creation making him unlike anything that exists
  • Eternal = God creates heaven and earth ‘In the beginning’ - God already existed
  • Omnipotent = creation happens just by God commanding it ‘Let there be light’
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15
Q

What does Genesis 2 tell us about creation

A

Agrees with Genesis 1
- omnibenevolent = god created out of love / provides humans with everything
- immanent = god is not distant from the world / walked through the garden of Eden with Adam

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16
Q

What are Jewish attitudes to creation

A

-God is creator and all source of life
- Jews celebrate Shabbat weekly
- Orthodox Jews = believe stories are true accounts / reject big bang and evolution
- Reform = creation accounts are stories which shouldn’t be taken as historical facts

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17
Q

What is the Big Bang

A
  • creation of earth 13.7 billion years ago
  • created by George Leimitrae (Catholic priest)
  • all matter concentrated into a tiny point which expanded into the universe and still expanding
  • caused stars and planets to be formed
  • Stephen hawking accepst this theory
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18
Q

What are Catholic view on big bang

A

Accept it
Science - how the world came about
Religion - why the world came about
- pope Frances declared Big Bang and evolution are compatible with creation story and that God is not a magician with a magic want

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19
Q

What is evolution in depth

A
  • how life came about according to science
  • proposed by Charles Darwin
  • certain characteristics helps animals to survive pass them on to generations
  • takes million of years
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20
Q

What is the Catholic view of evolution

A
  • some do not accept it
  • Genesis needs to be understood symbolically
  • Pope John Paul II said there is ‘no conflict between evolution and the doctrine of faith’
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21
Q

What is sanctity of life

A
  • belief life is sacred and holy
  • should be protected
  • imago dei
  • each person is unique
  • against abortion and euthanasia
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22
Q

What did St Catherine of Siena say about Imago Dei

A
  • soul is made in imago dei
  • humans come from God
  • God made us out of love
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23
Q

What are Jewish beliefs on sanctity of life

A
  • god is the creator
  • humans are created in imago dei
  • life is precious
  • 10 commandments ‘Do not Kill’
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24
Q

What are views on abortion by the Catholic Church

A
  • wrong in all ways
  • adoption is available
  • life begins at conception
  • ‘Do not kill’
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25
What are Christian views on abortion
The Anglican Church against abortion artist as it is a great moral evil They encourage adoption Sanctity of life However, if the mother’s life is in danger, pregnancy is a result of rape, or the child is likely to be severely disabled they will allow abortion
26
What are humanist views on abortion
Humanist campaign for abortion to be legal in the. 1960s to stop unsafe, illegal abortions Pro choice Peter singer said all human life has value but to not of equal value
27
What are catholic response to Peter singer?
Humans remain a person whether they are conscious or not Agree, animal should be treated with care and looked after Humans have a dignity animals do not have as they were created in imago dei
28
What are catholic beliefs about nature of human beings and the relations ship with creation?
Both Genesis accounts for human life is special and sacred Special responsibility to take care of the world Sanctity of life – humans are created last and all the high point of Gods creation Humans are created inimago dei Adam has authority to name the animals
29
What is stewardship in detail?
Duty to care for creation Need to cut down on pollution, careful for animals and make sure the world is in the best shape to pass onto next generations The Catholic Church teaches everyone has a duty to contribute to the good of society act justly and seek justice for others
30
What are humanist attitudes to stewardship?
Need to look after the world, not because God created it Use their reason to make ethical decisions Humans would go extinct if we didn’t look after the world All based on reason and not God
31
Bible
Inspired by the word of God Has authority as messages come from God impacting how they live their lives Old Testament are different types of writings - Law - History - Wisdom - Prophets new Testament based on life and teachings of Jesus and apostles - Gospels - Act of the apostles - Letters - Book of revelation
32
What are Jewish beliefs about the Torah?
First five books of the Tana Holiest and most important part of scripture for Jews Moses receive Torah from God on Mount Sinai Orthodox = must be taken literally and not change to seek obey mitzvah as duties in life Reform = don’t take literally and sometimes adapt to fit modern life
33
Painting = Michelangelo‘s creation of Adam
ADAM Young resembles good luck a son, mirrors the pose of God / shows God created a perfect world humans made an image and likeness of God GOD Older, grey, strong, powerful, reaches out to Adam / God is both eternal and powerful, parent chose relationship between God and humanity – father of all creation GOD AND ADAMS HANDS Reaching out to each other / spark of life given to all humans, human life is a gift from God, always yearning for relationship with God CLOUD God on a cloud surrounded by angels, green cloth hanging down / greatness and transcendence of God, omniscient, God gives life in the same ways give life to a new child
34
Tree of life apse mosaic
Cross and tree - crosses a crucifixion scene with Mary and John beside it, Hand of God offering a wreath of victory to Christ Tree - Tree of life Doves - Symbol of peace and sign of Holy Spirit, doves represented the apostles Lamb - Lamb of God is central lamb, lamb of God saved humanity from singing and death just like sacrificed lamb had saved Israelites, 12 lambs are disciples Alpha and Omega - 1st and last letters of Greek alphabet, God is beginning and ending of all things Evangelists - Matthew, Mark, Luke, John,
35
What are catholic social teachings?
Set of principles about building a just and society Human dignity = humans created an Imogen likeness of God, linked to Jesus’s teaching love their neighbourhood, Catholics take strong position of issues about beginning and ending of life Justice, peace and reconciliation = peace and reconciliation at the heart of the gospel, Catholic social teaching condemn the trades and supports those who refuse to take up arms on grounds on conscience Gaudium et Spes = encyclical about imago dei, all human possess a soul given by God, greater quality of must be given greater recognition
36
What does interface dialogue?
Leads to harmony and the safe and happy society Duty to put across gospel’s message Other religion should be respected Provide mutual understanding Vatican Council stressed importance of dialogue
37
What is CAFOD
Catholic agency for overseas development Started by Catholic bishops in 1962 Help those in need Short-term and long-term aid Disaster fund to help natural disasters and refugees Tries to live out church mission on a global scale Works for social justice, challenging unfairness and tries to bring end to poverty
38
What is conscience
human reasoning for making moral decisions - knowledge of what we have right and wrong
39
What is evil?
An absence of good and the impulse to see our own desires at the expense of the good of others
40
What is free will
Able to choose right from wrong without being controlled by other forces
41
What is goodness?
Quantity of being like God, seeking the well-being of other selflessly
42
What is incarnation?
God became man and the person of Jesus, fully human and fully divine
43
What is natural law?
Moral laws of right and wrong, which are universal and not depend on human laws, discoverable by every human being and the same for all humans
44
What is privation?
Loss of absence of quality which is usually there, evil is the privation of good
45
What is suffering?
Pain or loss which harms human beings, some is caused by humans is not
46
What are catholic perspectives on the origin of evil?
FREE WILL Evil exist due to free will Good choices equal goodness of the world increases Bad choices, equal evil and suffering happen Moral evil – humans make it ORIGINAL SIN Genesis three – Adam and Eve disobedience Take story literally – Adam and Eve disobedient introduced bad things into the world and affects all humans who descend from them
47
What does Saint Augustine believe about privation?
Evil helps us appreciate the good Evil is not a thing Evil makes us better
48
What are other Christian views on privation
Humans are made in the image of God – not made perfect Suffering and evil is the best way for humans to develop Free choices – learn to make correct choices Process of soul making is a response to evil in the world – allow allows us to grow and become better people
49
What are Jewish beliefs on the origin of evil?
Do not believe in the original sin Do not believe humans inherit the guilt from Adam and Eve Torah – God gave humans choices and important to struggle against inclination to do evil by a bit giving obedience to God Not possible to hide evil actions from God
50
Who made the inconsistent triad and what was it?
David Hume All three things are inconsistent not all can be through at the same time Evil exist, God is omnibenevolent, God is omnipotent
51
What are John Mackie’s response to Hume’s inconsistent triads
Evil is necessary as the opposite of good Evil helps us become better people Evil is a consequence of free will
52
What do Catholics mean by the goodness of God?
Catholics mean God is the cause of goodness and others God’s goodness is essential – it is an unchanging aspect of who God is God is good as he created the world
53
What are Jewish beliefs on the goodness of God?
God is a source of our life He is a judge and merciful He will protect and careful all he has created Goodness of God is shown by the creation of the world and giving of Torah Fleeing of Israelites from Egypt – shows God‘s goodness and care
54
What is the meaning of suffering and catholic ambivalence
Suffering is a mystery - God Jesus are suffering to bring about greater goods that would not have been possible without it Suffering as a sign of love - Love is impossible without suffering - Nothing last forever Suffering as a proof of commitment - jesus made Claire being a disciple required sacrifice and cost ‘whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me’ Suffering and death of Jesus - Suffering of Jesus bought about something good
55
Isaiah 53 – the suffering servant
Describes how the acceptance of suffering by suffering servant brought about salvation Christian saw the passage as a prophecy of Jesus and the way in which has suffering would bring about blessings for others
56
Jewish beliefs about suffering
Don’t read Isaiah 53 Jews have same and ambivalence towards suffering Human made a natural made suffering Often risen from free world God has given to humans Can be test for punishment from God shouldn’t question why God has been suffering
57
The Trinity
Christian beliefs about God is that he is one and he exist as three persons - Father, son, Holy Spirit In the creed the Trinity‘s explained - The father created heaven on earth, the Sun is a saviour of the world, and the Holy Spirit is an invisible spiritual power who guides, help and inspire human beings
58
What’s the importance of the Trinity?
Sign of the cross Not possible for Christians to believe Jesus is God Missing Creed recited during prayer and worship and baptism
59
What are Saint Augustine’s belief on the Trinity?
God is love Love needs three things - The person who was doing the loving, the person who is being loved, the love itself
60
What are Jewish views on the Trinity?
Don’t believe Jesus was God Do not believe in the Trinity God is all powerful God is the only God
61
What is incarnation more in depth?
Jesus is fully human and fully guard Jesus is one person with two natures which are human and divine Kenosis - hymn of praise all Christians used to think about Jesus – contains the idea that Jesus emptied himself of his equality with God, in becoming a human
62
Incarnation of the problem of evil (Salvifici Doloris)
Saving power of suffering Christians are willingly offer up own suffering in prayer for the sake of others, somehow share in the saving suffering of Jesus Difficult to understand
63
What are Jewish views incarnation?
Not except Jesus was God as a challenge is the belief of God is one Stated in the Shema and 10 Commandments
64
Jesus and moral authority
Jesus and sinners = spent time with outcast, sinners, an adult is those who are seen as an outcast to society and forgave them Jesus and the sick = heals people who are sick, spent time with those who were sick and seen as outcast Teachings of Jesus Beattitudes - How people should live their lives - List of blessings - Golden rule of due to others as you would want them due to you
65
What does natural law, conscience, virtues, and suffering, show about moral authority?
Natural law - It’s all morals - Avoid evil do good Conscience - Ability to discover natural law is conscience - Must follow conscience Virtues and suffering - Moral habits humans need to practice to become good people - Can grow virtue through experience of suffering
66
Statues
Do not pray the statues Reminder of God in Jesus and deeds help them to focus in prayer Don’t pray to marry or saint but ask them to in intercede
67
Michelangelo’s Pieta
Mary’s left hand is positioned with an open palm - Mary is at peace after witnessing her son’s crucifixion Both figures are beautiful and idolise despite their suffering showing catholic belief of am benevolence towards suffering Mary’s right hand does not come into contact with flesh but it’s holding the body with a cloth – shows sacredness of Jesus’s body Mary is bigger than Jesus and supporting his whole body on her lap – echoing Mary as a mother of Jesus as if she is holding a baby in her arms
68
What are Jewish views on statues?
Goes against 10 Commandments Do not have statues in synagogues No representation of God as he is above human understanding
69
What is a pilgrimage and what is the purpose?
Journey to a holy place Why - Pray together to feel supported - Come closer to God -Pray for sick - Way of thanking God - Seek physical, emotional or spiritual healing
70
Lord as a place of pilgrimage
Dedicated to Mary In 1858 Bernardette had visions of Mary Thousand years ago to pray at the grotto Young people volunteer as helpers for the sick and disabled pilgrims
71
The rosary
closer to God Includes the our father, hail Mary, glory be Full rosary is 150 Hail Mary’s The four mysteries are luminous, joyful, sorrowful, and glorious
72
What are the sorrowful mysteries?
Agony in the garden = Jesus was left alone with no support from the disciples Scourging at the pillar = Jesus was ridiculed, mocked and humiliated. Hit him with the whips that had nails at the end of them. Crowning with thorns = used to mock Jesus as the king of the Jews The weight of the cross = made to carry a heavy cross that he would be killed on - fell three times from exhaustion The crucifixion = Jesus is stripped of his clothes and now so driven through his wrists and mocked by the soldiers