Simplified drug cards WY Intermediate

Question 1

atropine sulfate/Atro-Pen (I)

Answer 1

antiarrythmic, anticholinergic

for sinus bradycardia, heartblock, reverse exercise-induced bronchospasms, organophosphate poisoning

0.5 to 1 mg every 3-5 mins, max 3 mg

Question 2

amiodarone/Cordarone (I)

Answer 2

class III antiarrythmic

for VF/VT, life-threatening arrhythmias

for pulseless VF/VT 300 mg IVSP, may repeat at 150 mg in 3-5 mins. for ventricular arrhythmias with pulse 150 mg IVSP over 10 mins

Question 3

nitroglycerin/Nitrostat/Nitrolingual/Nitro-Time/GoNitro

tablet/spray A, drip I

Answer 3

antianginal, nitrate

for acute and long-term management of angina pectoris

0.4 mg SL x3 (1 tablet or spray), max is 3 doses

Question 4

diazepam/Valium (I)

Answer 4

antianxiety

for sedation, treating seizure activity (status epilepticus and uncontrolled seizures), skeletal muscle relaxant

5-10 mg IVP, may repeat every 10-15 mins, max dose 30 mg

Question 5

nitrous oxide/Nitronox (A/I)

Answer 5

analgesic, medicinal gas

for moderate to severe pain management

self-administered via inhalation

Question 6

morphine sulfate/Astramorph/Duramorph (I)

Answer 6

opioid analgesic

for severe pain, pulmonary edema, pain with AMI

4-10 mg IV/IM/SQ

Question 7

fentanyl/Sublimaze (I)

Answer 7

opioid analgesic

for severe pain, analgesic maintenance in the intubated patient

0.5 to 1 mcg/kg (use continuous monitoring)

Question 8

lorazepam/Ativan (I)

Answer 8

benzodiazepine; anticonvulsant, antianxiety

decrease anxiety, seizure activity

50 mcg/kg, up to 4 mg

Question 9

lidocaine/Xylocaine/Xylocard

bolus A, may use with IO for local anesthetic; drip I

Answer 9

1B antiarrythmic

Alternative to amiodarone for cardiac arrest from v-fib/pulseless VT after successful conversion of perfusing rhythm; wide-complex tachycardia of uncertain origin, and ventricular ectopy in acute MI. Also used in RSI to blunt ICP rise.

1 to 1.5 mg/kg bolus, may repeat dose 0.5-0.75 mg/kg every 5-10 mins, up to 3 mg/kg. Continuous infusion rate 1-4 mg/min. Monitor VS and EKG. **Do not administer with 3rd degree heart block.

Question 10

vasopressin/Pitressin (I)

Answer 10

antidiuretic hormone, peripheral vasoconstrictor

for pulseless VT/fib arrest

40 units IV

Question 11

epinephrine/Adrenalin

1:1,000 A; 1:10,000 I

Answer 11

vasopressor

for symptomatic bradycardia, cardiac arrest, severe allergic reaction, reversible airway disease due to asthma or COPD

cardiac: 1 mg 1:10,000 IV/IO every 3-5 mins
allergic reaction: 0.3 to 0.5 mg 1:1,000 SQ/IM every 10-15 mins

Question 12

ondansetron/Zofran (I)

Answer 12

antiemetic

for nausea/vomiting

4-8 mg PO (we gave via IVP at WMC ER?)

Question 13

furosemide/Lasix (I)

Answer 13

loop diuretic

edema due to heart failure, liver impairment, or renal disease; hypertension

20-40 mg IVSP or 2 times the amount the patient is already on. **Geriatric patients have increased risk or hypotension and electrolyte imbalance at normal doses.

Question 14

levalbuterol/Xopenex (I)

Answer 14

bronchodilator, adrenergic

short-term use for bronchodilation due to reversible airway disease

0.63 mg via nebulization 3 times daily

Question 15

diphenhydramine/Allerdryl/Benadryl (I)

Answer 15

antihistamine

for relief of allergic symptoms caused by histamine release

IM/IV 25-50 mg q.4h.

Question 16

sodium bicarbonate (I)

Answer 16

alkalinizing agent

for metabolic acidosis, in certain poisoning or overdoses of ethylene glycol, aspirin, and methanol

1 mEq/kg

Question 17

oxygen (A/I)

Answer 17

medicinal gas

for severe chest pain, hypoxemia, and cardiac arrest

1-6 lpm via nc, 10-15 lpm via NRB

Question 18

dextrose (A/I)

Answer 18

carbohydrate, hyperglycemic/antihypoglycemic

for hypoglycemia

10-50 g slowly. May be repeated. *Administer thiamine prior to D50 in known alcoholic patients.

Question 19

aspirin/Bayer/Bufferin (A/I)

Answer 19

antipyretic, nonopioid analgesic, salicylate

prophylactic use in MI and TIA

162-324 mg chewed and swallowed for MI

Question 20

albuterol/Proventil/Ventolin (A/I)

Answer 20

beta 2 adrenergic, bronchodilator

for reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD

MDI: 2 puffs q4-6h
SVN: 2.5 to 5 mg every 20 mins x3 doses
PED (age 2-12 or less than 40 lbs): 0.15 mg/kg up to 3 times

Question 21

ipratropium bromide/Atrovent (A/I)

Answer 21

anticholinergic, bronchodilator

maintenance for airway obstruction due to COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema

nebulizer (acute): 500 mcg every 30 mins for 3 doses, then every 2-4 hrs as needed.

Question 22

naloxone/Narcan (A/I)

Answer 22

antidote (opioids)

for suspected opioid overdose

0.4 to 1 mg IM, slow IV push, subcutaneous;
2 mg intranasal

Question 23

glucagon/GlucaGen (A/I)

Answer 23

hormone

severe hypoglycemia and when glucose not feasible

IV/IM/SQ 1 mg, may be repeated in 15 mins

Question 24

activated charcoal (A/I)

Answer 24

antidote, adsorbent

for toxic ingestion within 60 mins, following emesis or lavage

25 to 100 g PO or via NG/OG

Question 25

thiamine/Betaxin/vitamin B1/Biamine (I)

Answer 25

water-soluble vitamin

for vitamin deficiencies, prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy

IM/IV 5 to 100 mg. *Administer thiamine prior to D50 in known alcoholic patients.

Question 26

duodate/Mark I kit (A/I)

Answer 26

antidote

for poisoning by organophosphorous nerve agents and pesticides

Three DuoDote Auto-injectors should be available for use in each patient (including EMS personnel) at risk for organophosphorous poisoning; 1 for mild symptoms plus 2 more for severe symptoms. Each DuoDote auto-injector delivers atropine 2.1 mg plus pralidoxime chloride 600mg.

Question 27

normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) (A/I)

Answer 27

isotonic crystalloid

used to expand the vascular volume temporarily by replacing water and electrolytes (hypovolemia, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, diabetic ketoacidosis)

dose depends on condition, follow protocols, keep-open rate 30 mL/hr

Question 28

5% dextrose in water (A/I)

Answer 28

hypotonic carbohydrate-containing solution

for prophylactic IV access or to dilute concentrated drugs for IV infusion

usually administered at keep-open rate (30 mL/hr)

Question 29

Lactated Ringer’s solution (A/I)

Answer 29

isotonic crystalloid solution (contains sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, lactate)

for significant burns and hypovolemia

dose depends on condition being administered for. Follow protocols. Keep-open rate 30 mL/hr.

Question 30

heparin sodium/Heparin (I)

Answer 30

anticoagulant, antithrombotic

used prophylactically for the treatment of various thrombotic disorders

Dose varies depending on protocol. Generally, 5000 IU loading dose IVSP, then 800 to 1200 UI/hr.