Misc cards for A-EMT/I WY

Question 1

5 P’s of compartment syndrome

Answer 1

Pain, Pallor, Paralysis, Paresthesia, Pulselessness

Question 2

Beck’s triad

Answer 2

hypotension, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds

Question 3

Cushing’s reflex

Answer 3

increasing BP (particularly systolic) and decreasing heart rate

Question 4

Cushing’s triad

Answer 4

Increasing BP (particularly systolic), decreasing heart rate, and irregular breathing pattern. Indication of increasing ICP.

Question 5

AEIOU-TIPS

possible causes of altered mental status

Answer 5

A-alcohol, anoxia
E-environment, epilepsy 
I-insulin (diabetes, other endocrine disorders)
O-overdose
U-uremia

T-trauma (shock, TBI)
I-infection
P-psychosis, poisoning
S-stroke (pediatric patients may have intracranial hemorrhage from a ruptured AV malformation)

Question 6

Pediatric assessment triangle

Answer 6

Appearance

Work of breathing

Circulation to skin

Question 7

BVM ventilation rates for pediatrics

Answer 7

Neonate 30

Infant 20-25

Child 1-8 years 12-20

Question 8

Steps to reading EKG

Answer 8

Regularity

Rate (60-100 normal)

P waves (0.04 to 0.08 sec)

P-R Interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds)

QRS complex width (less than 0.12 seconds)

P-QRS relationship

Question 9

Mini Mental State Exam

Answer 9

• orientation to time (day, month, year)
• ability to recite correctly a list of 3 common objects immediately after you say it
• ability to spell backward the word world (or count backward from 100 by 7’s
• ability to recall the 3 items previously listed
• tests of language (naming common objects and follow 3-step command

Question 10

6 rights of medication administration

Answer 10

Right patient
Right medication 
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation

Question 11

SLUDGE

Signs and symptoms of nerve agents

Answer 11

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric distress
Emesis

Question 12

MONA

Answer 12

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerin
Aspirin

Question 13

VOMIT

Answer 13

Vitals
Oxygen 
Monitor
IV
Treatment/Transport

Question 14

Parkland Burn Formula

Answer 14

4 x patient’s weight in kg x BSA burned

Half the volume is delivered in the first 8 hrs. The remainder is given over the next 16 hours.

Question 15

Formula for determining lower end of normal systolic blood pressure in a child

Answer 15

70 + 2 times the patient’s age in years

Question 16

3 types of stroke

Answer 16

Thrombotic
Embolic
Hemorrhagic

Question 17

altered mental status in elderly mnemonic

DEMENTIA

Answer 17

D–Drugs (side effects of meds, overdose, withdrawal)
I–Electrolyte abnormality (hypo/hypernatremia due to dehydration, hypo/hyperglycemia)
M–Metabolic disturbance (thyroid disease, liver/kidney failure)
E–Emotional (depression, psychosis)
N–Nutritional/Neuro (Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsikoff’s psychosis, stroke, seizure, intracerebral bleeding)
T–Trauma/Tumor/Toxin
I–Infection (UTI, penumonia, meningitis)
A–Alcohol (ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol)