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Physics > Simple review on tough questions > Flashcards

Simple review on tough questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is the largest aperture connection the 4th ventricle to the basal cisterns and central canal of the spinal cord?

A

foramen of magendie

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2
Q

The most superior bone of the pelvic bone is the

A

Ilium

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3
Q

What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

A

Lateral Fissure

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4
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the most lateral appendages of a typical vertebra

A

Transverse process

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5
Q

what describe imaging characteristics of pancreatitis?

A

Reactive fluid
Pancreas inflammation
Pancreatic pseudocysts
Ascites

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6
Q

what describes the appearance of a brain abscess in sectional imaging

A

Often rim-enhancing
May shows areas of necrosis
May be associated with edema

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7
Q

what is a malignant bone tumor that affects children and young adults? The tumor may start anywhere in the body, usually in the long bones of the arms and legs, the pelvis, or the chest.

A

ewing sarcoma

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8
Q

Calculate the pixel size …

FOV= 320
Matrix = 320x320
A

1

*pixel size = FOV/matrix

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9
Q

Which of the following sequence(s)/techniques(s) can be used to produce images where vessels appear dark

Spin Echo Acquisitions
The Application of Pre-Sat Pulses
Gradient Echo Sequences
Contrast Enhancement
GMN
A

spin echo

application of pre sat pulse

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10
Q

What controls the polarity of a gradient

A

The direction of the current through the gradient coil

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11
Q

flow related enhancement

A

TOF

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12
Q

intra-voxel dephasing

A

phase difference b/t flowing and stationary nuclei within a voxel. Out of phase. Reduction of signal amplitude.

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13
Q

The homogeneity of a magnetic field is expressed in units of

A

ppm

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14
Q

What is the approximate T1 relaxation time of fat at 1T

A

200 ms

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15
Q

increasing the receiver bandwidth

A

decreased TE
decreased chemical shift
decreased SNR

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16
Q

long echo train, causes what

A

increase blurring
increased T2 info
scan time reduced

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17
Q

shallow phase encoding gradients first. signal and contrast maximized. used in fast GRE is what

A

centric filling

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18
Q

used in CE angiography. Shot acq times

A

key hole filling

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19
Q

What does the slope of the frequency encoding gradient determine

A

FOV

size of anatomy covered along frequency encoding axis

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20
Q

Central lines fill first, then outer. Signal and contrast are maximized. Used with fast gradient echo.

A

centric k space filling

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21
Q

Used with contrast enhancement. Before gadolinium, outer lines are filled. After gad, center lines are filled.

A

keyhole filling

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22
Q

SSFP sequences usually produce images that are ___ weighted

A

T2

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23
Q

What are the three types of motion present in an atom

A

Electrons orbiting the nucleus
The nucleus itself spinning about its own axis

Electrons spinning on their own axis

24
Q

How can we reduce truncation

A

increase number of phase encoding steps

25
Q

What is the unit of K space

A

radians per centimeter

26
Q

assumes one is negligent because he/she had control over the incident that caused the injury

A

assumes one is negligent because he/she had control over the incident that caused the injury

27
Q

Which of the following may require monitoring by pulse oximetry?

  1. comatose/unconscious
  2. sedated patients
  3. hearing impaired patients
  4. those who speak another language
A

1,2,3, and 4

28
Q

State level credentialing process

A

licensure

29
Q

Private organization. Indicates HCP has met certain standards

A

certification

30
Q

Ex: mosquito, flea, tick

A

vector

31
Q

inanimate objects

A

fomite

32
Q

Opium-based or opium-like analgesics. These drugs are potent pain-relievers with mood-altering side-effects

A

narcotic

33
Q

pain relievers

A

analgesic

34
Q

Written assessment of a patient to receive a proposed tx, scan, procedure. Requires adequate info.

A

informed consent

35
Q

patients are to be treated as individuals and informed about procedures concerning their care

A

autonomy

36
Q

feeling sorry for or pitying someone else

A

sympathy

37
Q

ability to have a gentle, caring attitude towards patients and employees

A

compassion

38
Q

what vessels circulate blood from the Circle of Willis into the brain

A

cerebral arteries

39
Q

Costo-vertebral joints are a feature unique to which aspect of the vertebral column

A

thoracic

40
Q

What is the most aggressive brain tumor

A

Medulloblastoma

41
Q

Which of the following is thought to be due to chronic entrapment of the nerve by the intermetatarsal ligament

A

Morton’s Neuroma

42
Q

What is used to shield the RF?

A

copper

43
Q

for frequency encoding gradients, axial images of body is performed by what

A

x performs frequency encoding

44
Q

for frequency encoding gradients, axial images of head is performed by what

A

Y performs frequency encoding

45
Q

Which direction is the Z-axis in a permanent magnet

A

vertical

46
Q

Anything blocking a vessel

A

Embolism

47
Q

Clotting within a blood vessel

A

Thrombus

48
Q

a critical condition in which a thrombus in the brain causes irreversible damage to brain cells (infarction)

A

CVA

49
Q

an acute episode of temporary neurologic dysfunction resulting from focal cerebral ischemia not associated with permanent cerebral infarction

A

TIA

50
Q

Calcium-Channel Blocker

A

Antiarrythmics

51
Q

Epinephrine

A

Vasoconstrictors

52
Q

tPA

A

Thrombolytic

53
Q

Fentanyl

A

drug classification not provided

54
Q

Which of these precautions is most relevant when infectious agents may be spread through contaminated medical instruments

A

Contact Isolation

55
Q

Acquiring an infectious agent through the hospital ventilation system is what kind of transmission?

A

In-direct Contact

56
Q

what is visceral layer of the heart’s serous membrane

A

epicardium

57
Q

What material is used to make superconducting wires

A

niobium-titanium alloy

Physics (15 decks)

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