Simple review on tough questions Flashcards
Which of the following is the largest aperture connection the 4th ventricle to the basal cisterns and central canal of the spinal cord?
foramen of magendie
The most superior bone of the pelvic bone is the
Ilium
What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
Lateral Fissure
Which of the following terms refers to the most lateral appendages of a typical vertebra
Transverse process
what describe imaging characteristics of pancreatitis?
Reactive fluid
Pancreas inflammation
Pancreatic pseudocysts
Ascites
what describes the appearance of a brain abscess in sectional imaging
Often rim-enhancing
May shows areas of necrosis
May be associated with edema
what is a malignant bone tumor that affects children and young adults? The tumor may start anywhere in the body, usually in the long bones of the arms and legs, the pelvis, or the chest.
ewing sarcoma
Calculate the pixel size …
FOV= 320 Matrix = 320x320
1
*pixel size = FOV/matrix
Which of the following sequence(s)/techniques(s) can be used to produce images where vessels appear dark
Spin Echo Acquisitions The Application of Pre-Sat Pulses Gradient Echo Sequences Contrast Enhancement GMN
spin echo
application of pre sat pulse
What controls the polarity of a gradient
The direction of the current through the gradient coil
flow related enhancement
TOF
intra-voxel dephasing
phase difference b/t flowing and stationary nuclei within a voxel. Out of phase. Reduction of signal amplitude.
The homogeneity of a magnetic field is expressed in units of
ppm
What is the approximate T1 relaxation time of fat at 1T
200 ms
increasing the receiver bandwidth
decreased TE
decreased chemical shift
decreased SNR
long echo train, causes what
increase blurring
increased T2 info
scan time reduced
shallow phase encoding gradients first. signal and contrast maximized. used in fast GRE is what
centric filling
used in CE angiography. Shot acq times
key hole filling
What does the slope of the frequency encoding gradient determine
FOV
size of anatomy covered along frequency encoding axis
Central lines fill first, then outer. Signal and contrast are maximized. Used with fast gradient echo.
centric k space filling
Used with contrast enhancement. Before gadolinium, outer lines are filled. After gad, center lines are filled.
keyhole filling
SSFP sequences usually produce images that are ___ weighted
T2
What are the three types of motion present in an atom
Electrons orbiting the nucleus
The nucleus itself spinning about its own axis
Electrons spinning on their own axis
How can we reduce truncation
increase number of phase encoding steps
What is the unit of K space
radians per centimeter
assumes one is negligent because he/she had control over the incident that caused the injury
assumes one is negligent because he/she had control over the incident that caused the injury
Which of the following may require monitoring by pulse oximetry?
- comatose/unconscious
- sedated patients
- hearing impaired patients
- those who speak another language
1,2,3, and 4
State level credentialing process
licensure
Private organization. Indicates HCP has met certain standards
certification
Ex: mosquito, flea, tick
vector
inanimate objects
fomite
Opium-based or opium-like analgesics. These drugs are potent pain-relievers with mood-altering side-effects
narcotic
pain relievers
analgesic
Written assessment of a patient to receive a proposed tx, scan, procedure. Requires adequate info.
informed consent
patients are to be treated as individuals and informed about procedures concerning their care
autonomy
feeling sorry for or pitying someone else
sympathy
ability to have a gentle, caring attitude towards patients and employees
compassion
what vessels circulate blood from the Circle of Willis into the brain
cerebral arteries
Costo-vertebral joints are a feature unique to which aspect of the vertebral column
thoracic
What is the most aggressive brain tumor
Medulloblastoma
Which of the following is thought to be due to chronic entrapment of the nerve by the intermetatarsal ligament
Morton’s Neuroma
What is used to shield the RF?
copper
for frequency encoding gradients, axial images of body is performed by what
x performs frequency encoding
for frequency encoding gradients, axial images of head is performed by what
Y performs frequency encoding
Which direction is the Z-axis in a permanent magnet
vertical
Anything blocking a vessel
Embolism
Clotting within a blood vessel
Thrombus
a critical condition in which a thrombus in the brain causes irreversible damage to brain cells (infarction)
CVA
an acute episode of temporary neurologic dysfunction resulting from focal cerebral ischemia not associated with permanent cerebral infarction
TIA
Calcium-Channel Blocker
Antiarrythmics
Epinephrine
Vasoconstrictors
tPA
Thrombolytic
Fentanyl
drug classification not provided
Which of these precautions is most relevant when infectious agents may be spread through contaminated medical instruments
Contact Isolation
Acquiring an infectious agent through the hospital ventilation system is what kind of transmission?
In-direct Contact
what is visceral layer of the heart’s serous membrane
epicardium
What material is used to make superconducting wires
niobium-titanium alloy
