Simple Acid Base Disturbances

Question 1

Respiratory Acidosis and alkalosis is caused by changes in (blank)

Answer 1

PaCO2 (typically due to abnormal lung function)

Question 2

Metabolic Acidosis and alkalosis is caused by change in (blank)

Answer 2

[HCO3-] (pathological change)

Question 3

is hemoglobin volatile or nonvolatile?

Answer 3

non volatile

Question 4

If you are drugged (CNS depression), fat, cant breath right, have an upper airway obstruction, severe asthma, COPD, severe pneumonia, sever pulmonary edema, what will you have?

Answer 4

acidosis

Question 5

(blank) is caused by an increase in central drive to breath.

Answer 5

respiratory alkalosis

Question 6

What can these cause:
Hyperventilation (hypocapnia)
Entire neuromuscular chain for breathing must be intact
Respiratory center is pacing the chain to produce high minute ventilation

Answer 6

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 7

What can these do:
hypoxemia/hypoxia
stimulation of mechano and chemo receptors
direct stimulation of medullary respiratory center
psych factors
(i.e pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, acute asthma)

Answer 7

increase your central drive to breath

Question 8

Most common pulmonary diseases can lead to respiratory (blank)

Answer 8

alkalosis.

Question 9

When will peripheral chemoreceptors make you breathe more?

Answer 9

if PaO2 falls below 60, if you work out hard and have a lot of lactic acid

Question 10

When will central chemoreceptors make you breathe more?

Answer 10

increase PaCO2 flowing to the medulla

Question 11

What are these considered:
airflow resistance
lung stiffness
ventilatory requirement

Answer 11

load

Question 12

What are these considered:
central drive
neural linkage
respiratory muscles

Answer 12

strength

Question 13

When strengths outweigh load what results?

Answer 13

respiratory alkalosis and hypocapnia

Question 14

When load outweigh strength what results?

Answer 14

respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia

Question 15

What can sepsis, liver disease, pregnancy and psychogenic hyperventilation cause?

Answer 15

respiratory alkalosis

Question 16

What is this:
Increase in EAP
Derangements in gut function
Derangements in metabolism
Due to exogenous intoxicants
Reduced net acid excretion due to renal defects

Answer 16

hypobicarbonatemia

Question 17

An imbalance between organic acid production and consumption creates what?

Answer 17

metabolic acidosis

Question 18

During hypoxia you willl have what?

Answer 18

build up of organic acids

Question 19

What does methanol and ethylene glycol (alcohols) cause?

Answer 19

acidosis (EAP-like)

Question 20

Virtually all causes of metabolic alkalosis present with (blank) or a least a low-normal K+.

Answer 20

hypokalemia

Question 21

vomiting or nasogastric drainage causes what?

Answer 21

metabolic alkalosis

Question 22

How come if you have an increase in HCO3, your pH stays normal?

Answer 22

metabolic alkalosis requires both a generation mechanism (vomiting) and a maintenance mechanism (increase in the renal threshold for HCO3 spillage)

Question 23

For every 10 mm Hg change in PaCO2 you will have a pH change by either .07 (acidosis) or .08 (alkalosis). What is this condition?

Answer 23

acute respiratory disturbances that HAS NOT been compensated

Question 24

IF you have a metabolic disturbance what fixes this?

If you have a respiratory disturbance what fixes this?

Answer 24

change in PaCO2

Change in HCO3 by kidney

Question 25

How many metabolic categories are there?

how many respiratory?

Answer 25

one

2 (acute and chronic)

Question 26

The body buffer compensation occurs (blank) and compensation by the renal system happens (blank)

Answer 26

quickly

slowly

Question 27

For every 10 mmHg increase in PCO2 and you have a decrease in .08 units in pH, what is this?

Answer 27

acute respiratory acidosis

Question 28

For every 10 mmHg increase in PCO2 you get a decrease in pH by .03, what is this?

Answer 28

chronic respiratory acidosis

Question 29

For every 10 mmHg decrease in PCO2 you get an increase in pH by .08, what is this?

Answer 29

acute respiratory alkalosis

Question 30

For every 10 mmHg decrease in PCO2 you get an increase in pH by .03,what is this?

Answer 30

chronic respiratory alkalosis