Simple Acid Base Disturbances Flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis and alkalosis is caused by changes in (blank)
PaCO2 (typically due to abnormal lung function)
Metabolic Acidosis and alkalosis is caused by change in (blank)
[HCO3-] (pathological change)
is hemoglobin volatile or nonvolatile?
non volatile
If you are drugged (CNS depression), fat, cant breath right, have an upper airway obstruction, severe asthma, COPD, severe pneumonia, sever pulmonary edema, what will you have?
acidosis
(blank) is caused by an increase in central drive to breath.
respiratory alkalosis
What can these cause:
Hyperventilation (hypocapnia)
Entire neuromuscular chain for breathing must be intact
Respiratory center is pacing the chain to produce high minute ventilation
Respiratory alkalosis
What can these do:
hypoxemia/hypoxia
stimulation of mechano and chemo receptors
direct stimulation of medullary respiratory center
psych factors
(i.e pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, acute asthma)
increase your central drive to breath
Most common pulmonary diseases can lead to respiratory (blank)
alkalosis.
When will peripheral chemoreceptors make you breathe more?
if PaO2 falls below 60, if you work out hard and have a lot of lactic acid
When will central chemoreceptors make you breathe more?
increase PaCO2 flowing to the medulla
What are these considered:
airflow resistance
lung stiffness
ventilatory requirement
load
What are these considered:
central drive
neural linkage
respiratory muscles
strength
When strengths outweigh load what results?
respiratory alkalosis and hypocapnia
When load outweigh strength what results?
respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia
What can sepsis, liver disease, pregnancy and psychogenic hyperventilation cause?
respiratory alkalosis
What is this: Increase in EAP Derangements in gut function Derangements in metabolism Due to exogenous intoxicants Reduced net acid excretion due to renal defects
hypobicarbonatemia
An imbalance between organic acid production and consumption creates what?
metabolic acidosis
During hypoxia you willl have what?
build up of organic acids
What does methanol and ethylene glycol (alcohols) cause?
acidosis (EAP-like)
Virtually all causes of metabolic alkalosis present with (blank) or a least a low-normal K+.
hypokalemia
vomiting or nasogastric drainage causes what?
metabolic alkalosis
How come if you have an increase in HCO3, your pH stays normal?
metabolic alkalosis requires both a generation mechanism (vomiting) and a maintenance mechanism (increase in the renal threshold for HCO3 spillage)
For every 10 mm Hg change in PaCO2 you will have a pH change by either .07 (acidosis) or .08 (alkalosis). What is this condition?
acute respiratory disturbances that HAS NOT been compensated
IF you have a metabolic disturbance what fixes this?
If you have a respiratory disturbance what fixes this?
change in PaCO2
Change in HCO3 by kidney
How many metabolic categories are there?
how many respiratory?
one
2 (acute and chronic)
The body buffer compensation occurs (blank) and compensation by the renal system happens (blank)
quickly
slowly
For every 10 mmHg increase in PCO2 and you have a decrease in .08 units in pH, what is this?
acute respiratory acidosis
For every 10 mmHg increase in PCO2 you get a decrease in pH by .03, what is this?
chronic respiratory acidosis
For every 10 mmHg decrease in PCO2 you get an increase in pH by .08, what is this?
acute respiratory alkalosis
For every 10 mmHg decrease in PCO2 you get an increase in pH by .03,what is this?
chronic respiratory alkalosis
