Epidemiology

Question 1

(blank) causes an increased positive predicted value and a decreased negative predicted value (opposite is also true)/

Answer 1

increased prevalence

Question 2

What is a Confounding variable?

Answer 2

Guilt by association

Question 3

(blank) causes a decreased positive predicted value and an increased negative predicted value

Answer 3

decreased prevalence

Question 4

Interpretation and limitations of P-value: interpretation = (blank)
limitations = (blank)

Answer 4

% of random variability

large sample sizes give skewed p-values

Question 5

(blank) is a statistical bias in which there is an error in choosing the individuals or groups to take part in a scientific study.[1] It is sometimes referred to as the selection effect.

Answer 5

Selection Bias

Question 6

(blank) is a systematic error caused by differences in the accuracy or completeness of the recollections retrieved (“recalled”) by study participants regarding events or experiences from the past. (i.e participants recollect events that controls wouldnt attempt to recollect)

Answer 6

recall bias

Question 7

(blank) is a logical fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data where inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inference for the group to which those individuals belong

Answer 7

ecological fallacy

Question 8

study design strengths and weaknesses: temporality (exposure before disease) is a strength of (blank)

Answer 8

clinical trials and cohort studies