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Exam #3 > Simonsen > Flashcards

Simonsen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of the measles virus?

A
  • paramyxoviridae family
  • ssRNA (-)
  • enveloped
  • extremely labile
  • “rubeola”
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2
Q

What are the major proteins of the measles virus?

A
  • F protein - allows fusion to form syncitia
  • Hemagglutinin - surface protein for binding
  • M protein - inner surface protein for assembly of nucleocapsid
  • N protein - nucleo protein to protect RNA
  • P protein - RNA dependent RNA polymerase
  • L protein - large, part of transcription
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3
Q

What is the method of transmission of the measles virus?

A
  • airborne droplets (aerosolized)
  • very communicable
  • infectous during prodromal phase (4 days before and after rash appearance)
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4
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms for Classic Measles?

A
  • fever crescendo to max at day 5 (104)
  • Sneezing and cough from onset of fever
  • rash starting 4 days after fever and existing for 5 days
  • Koplik spots - day 3-6
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5
Q

What are Koplik’s spots?

A
  • white spots inside the mouth on the buccal mucosal
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6
Q

What is distinctive about the measles rash?

A
  • appears on day 4 thru 9

- has a descending onset and fades in the same fashion

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7
Q

What is meant by modified measles?

A
  • pts have been passively immunized: have maternal antibodies
  • disease of milder and shorter duration
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8
Q

What are some complications associated with measles?

A
  • otitis media
  • pneumonia
  • acute encephalitis
  • subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - progressive neurologic degeneration
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9
Q

How is the measles virus prevented or treated?

A
  • Vaccination with live (or by passive means) vaccine
  • Supportive care while immune system treats
  • Supplemental vitamin A
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Rubella?

A
  • Togaviridae family
  • ssRNA (+)
  • enveloped
  • Labile
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11
Q

What are the viral proteins associated with Rubella?

A
  • E1 - hemagglutinin
  • E2 - membrane associated
  • C - non-membrane protein
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12
Q

What is the route of transmission of Rubella?

A
  • large droplets from respiratory secretions

- infectious for 7 days before and after the rash appears

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms associated with a Rubella postnatal infection?

A
  • mild fever associated with rash
  • Lymphadenopathy - begins 5-10 days prior to rash (most often post auricular)
  • Leukopenia
  • diffuse rash
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the rash associated with Rubella?

A
  • maculopapular
  • descending in onset and fading similarly
  • rash will only last 3 days
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a prenatal Rubella infection?

A
  • risk is greatest in early pregnancy
  • all germ layers are infected: necrosis, vascular damage and chromosomal aberrations
  • Growth retardation, Cataracts, Patent Ductus Arteriosis
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16
Q

What is the immune response to Rubella infections?

A
  • humoral response but must need CD$ and CD8 involvement

- congenital immunity from mom (IgA)

17
Q

How is Rubella prevented or treated?

A
  • Active immunization with live vaccine
18
Q

What are the characteristics of the varicella virus?

A
  • HHV 3 - Chickenpox
  • Herpesviridae family
  • dsDNA
  • Enveloped
19
Q

How is varicella virus transmitted?

A
  • airborne spread from respiratory secretions or direct contact with lesions
  • contagious 1-2 days prior to rash and until lesions are dried
  • incubation period of 10-21 days
20
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of the varicella virus?

A
  • fever

- central rash

21
Q

What are the characteristics of the rash of a varicella infection?

A
  • central onset

- lesions are at all stages

22
Q

What is the treatment or prevention of a varicella infection?

A
  • acyclovir is a treatment for severe cases

- Active immunization with live virus

23
Q

What are some complications associated with varicella infection?

A
  • bacterial superinfection
  • pneumonia
  • reactivation = Zoster = shingles
24
Q

What are the characteristics of Roseola virus?

A
  • herpesviridae family
  • HHV6
  • dsDNA
  • enveloped
25
Q

How is HHV6 transmitted?

A
  • respiratory droplets
  • salivary secretions
  • many newborns have maternal antibodies to protect
26
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of HHV6?

A
  • Fever - abrupt and extreme for 3-4 days

- Rash after fever subsides

27
Q

What are the characteristics of the rash?

A
  • trunk first and then to neck and extremities

- appears after fever subsides

28
Q

What are the complications associated with HHV6 infections?

A
  • seizures

- encephalitis

29
Q

What are the characteristics of human parvovirus B19?

A
  • parvovirus family
  • ssDNA
  • non-enveloped icosahedral neucleoprotein
30
Q

How is parvovirus transmitted?

A
  • respiratory droplet

- during late winter and spring

31
Q

What is the disease associated with parvovirus?

A
  • Fifth disease
32
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a parvovirus infection?

A
  • slapped cheek rash

- fever

33
Q

What are some complications related to parvovirus infection?

A
  • Aplastic crisis - with pre-aplastic pts
  • Arthritis
  • Intrauterine infection
34
Q

What are the characteristics associated with the Variola virus?

A
  • poxviridae family
  • dsDNA with DNA polymerase protein
  • replicate in the cytoplasm
35
Q

How does the variola virus infect an individual?

A
  • first it is inspired and infects pharynx
  • Lymphnodes are then infected and lead to viremia
  • Secondary organ is then infected and leads to second viremia
  • Leads to infection of skin and pustule formation
36
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of smallpox infection?

A
  • Early - headache, fever redness in oropharynx

- Late - skin papules-vesicles-pustules-crusts-desquamation

37
Q

What are the five types of smallpox?

A
  • Variola major
  • Modified smallpox - milder
  • Hemorrhagic smallpox - related to impaired host immune response
  • Variola sine eruptione - seen in previously vaccinated individuals
  • Flat - flat lesions = high mortality

Exam #3 (9 decks)

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