Simone

Question 1

What is a gymnosperm?

Answer 1

“naked seed plants”
produces sees but not flowers or fruit
seeds are exposed on the surface of modified flowers

Question 2

What is an angiosperm?

Answer 2

Flowering plants

produces flowers, produces seeds enclosed by fruit

Question 3

What are the four groups of gymnosperms?

Answer 3

Phylum Ginkgophyta
Phylum Cycadophyta
Phylum Gnetophyta
Phylum Coniferphyta

Question 4

What is Phylum ginkgophyta?

Answer 4

gymnosperm with no fruits, fleshy seed coat

dioecious (male and female parts)

Question 5

What is Phylum Cycads?

Answer 5

dioecious (male and female parts)

have specialized roots with symbiotic cyanobacteria

Question 6

What is cyanobacteria?

Answer 6

type of microorganisms that are similar to bacteria and is capable of photosynthesis, provides the plant with nitrogen

Question 7

What is Gnetophyta?

Answer 7

Includes the genus Ephedra, young stems are photosynthethic and acquires nearly all water from dew and condensation on two leaves

Question 8

What are conifers?

Answer 8

Most diverse and numerous groups of gymnosperms, dominate high latitude and adapts to dry conditions

Question 9

What are microspores?

Answer 9

develop into male gametophyte?

Question 10

What are megaspores?

Answer 10

develop into female gametophyte

Question 11

Where do you find megasporiums?

Answer 11

In seed plants, they are found in the ovule

Question 12

What is diffusion?

Answer 12

Movement from an area of high concentration to an area with a lower concentration. Driven by concentration gradient.

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 14

osmotic potential

Answer 14

the measure of the potential of water to move from one cell to another as influenced by solute concentration

Question 15

Holophyte

Answer 15

plants able to grow in salty habitats

Question 16

Guttation

Answer 16

the secretion of droplets of water from the pores of plants, xylem

Question 17

Brownian Movement

Answer 17

the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collision with the fast-moving molecules in the fluid.

Question 18

What affects the rate of diffusion?

Answer 18

presssure, temperature, and the medium in which everything is taking place

Question 19

Solvents

Answer 19

liquids in which substances dissolves

Question 20

Semipermeable membranes

Answer 20

when different substances diffuses at different rates

Question 21

When does osmosis stop?

Answer 21

when the concentration of water on both sides is equal

Question 22

what happens to water gained by osmosis?

Answer 22

Keeps the plant turgid

Question 23

Turgor pressure

Answer 23

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

Question 24

Water potential

Answer 24

is the combined osmotic potential and pressure potential of plant cells

Question 25

Plasmolysis

Answer 25

loss of water through osmosis, accompanied by shrinkage of protoplasm away from the cell wall.

Question 26

Imbibition

Answer 26

Swelling of tissues to at least twice its size, whether dead or alive, initial step to germination of seeds

Question 27

Active transport

Answer 27

The absorbing and retaining solutes against diffusion (electrical) gradient by using energy. (involves a proton pump)

Question 28

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 28

pressure used to prevent osmosis

Question 29

What is the primary way water enters plants from the environment?

Answer 29

By Osmosis. 1. Water flows from Soil >Cell wall & intercellular spaces in roots 2. Crosses through permeable membrane>cytoplasm of endodermis> xylem 3. flows through xylem>leaves>diffuses out of stomata

Question 30

Transpiration

Answer 30

Water vapor loss from internal leaf atmosphere. 90% of water entering a plant is transpired.

Question 31

What is the water needed for in a plant?

Answer 31

Cell activities, Cell turgor, Evaporation for cooling (stomata closes when more water is loss then taken in)

Question 32

Stomata

Answer 32

A minute pore or opening in the epidermis of leaves, herbaceous stems, and it is flanked by two guard cells that regulate its opening and closing thus regulating gas exchange and transpiration.

Question 33

What is Cohesion-Tension Theory?

Answer 33

Transpiration generates tension to pull water columns in vessels and tracheids through plants from roots to leaves.

Question 34

What happens when water evaporates from mesophyll cells?

Answer 34

They develop a lower water potential than adjacent cells and move to those adjacent cell with a higher water potential.

Question 35

What regulates transpiration?

Answer 35

Stomatal Apparatus

Question 36

What is Pressure-Flow Hypothesis?

Answer 36

1. Water enters by osmosis 2. Organic solute flow from source** 3. To Sinks** 4. Where Food is utilized and water exits.

Question 37

Macronutrients

Answer 37

Nutrients used by plants in greater amounts

Question 38

Micronutrients

Answer 38

Nutrients used by plants in smaller amounts

Question 39

What do molecules move along during diffusion?

Answer 39

Against a Concentration Gradient

Question 40

Water Potential

Answer 40

osmotic potential + pressure potential | water moves from cell with higher water potential to cell with lower water potential

Question 41

proton pump

Answer 41

enzyme complex in plasma membrane energized by ATP molecules

Question 42

phloem loading

Answer 42

sugar enters by active transport into sieve tubes

Question 43

water potential of sieve tubes [blank] and water enters by [blank]

Answer 43

decreases, osmosis

Question 44

turgor pressure develops and drives fluid through [blank] toward [blank]

Answer 44

sieve tubes, sinks

Question 45

The water and the sugar solution flows along the pressure gradient towards a

Answer 45

Sink

Question 46

Sugar molecules are moved by active transport from the phloem to storage [blank] cells in the root.

Answer 46

parenchyma

Question 47

which tissue is resposible for transports in plants?

Answer 47

Vascular tissue systems

Question 48

The transport cells in [blank] are dead at maturity

Answer 48

Xylem

Question 49

Trichomes

Answer 49

are hairlike projections of the epidermis that may be useful in defense and in reducing evaporation.

Question 50

Lenticels

Answer 50

are found in the periderm of woody stems

Question 51

Endodermis

Answer 51

Regulation of movement of materials into the vascular cylinder of the root is controlled primarily by the:

Question 52

Secondary Xylem

Answer 52

where the growth rings of trees found in temperate zones are visible

Question 53

Leaf abscission can be triggered by

Answer 53

drought, changing weather and stress