Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Plant Basics > Simone > Flashcards

Simone Flashcards

Plant Basic Exam 2

1
Q

What is a gymnosperm?

A

“naked seed plants”
produces sees but not flowers or fruit
seeds are exposed on the surface of modified flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an angiosperm?

A

Flowering plants

produces flowers, produces seeds enclosed by fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four groups of gymnosperms?

A

Phylum Ginkgophyta
Phylum Cycadophyta
Phylum Gnetophyta
Phylum Coniferphyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Phylum ginkgophyta?

A

gymnosperm with no fruits, fleshy seed coat

dioecious (male and female parts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Phylum Cycads?

A

dioecious (male and female parts)

have specialized roots with symbiotic cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cyanobacteria?

A

type of microorganisms that are similar to bacteria and is capable of photosynthesis, provides the plant with nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Gnetophyta?

A

Includes the genus Ephedra, young stems are photosynthethic and acquires nearly all water from dew and condensation on two leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are conifers?

A

Most diverse and numerous groups of gymnosperms, dominate high latitude and adapts to dry conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are microspores?

A

develop into male gametophyte?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are megaspores?

A

develop into female gametophyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do you find megasporiums?

A

In seed plants, they are found in the ovule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement from an area of high concentration to an area with a lower concentration. Driven by concentration gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

osmotic potential

A

the measure of the potential of water to move from one cell to another as influenced by solute concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Holophyte

A

plants able to grow in salty habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Guttation

A

the secretion of droplets of water from the pores of plants, xylem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brownian Movement

A

the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collision with the fast-moving molecules in the fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What affects the rate of diffusion?

A

presssure, temperature, and the medium in which everything is taking place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Solvents

A

liquids in which substances dissolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Semipermeable membranes

A

when different substances diffuses at different rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When does osmosis stop?

A

when the concentration of water on both sides is equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happens to water gained by osmosis?

A

Keeps the plant turgid

23
Q

Turgor pressure

A

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

24
Q

Water potential

A

is the combined osmotic potential and pressure potential of plant cells

25
Q

Plasmolysis

A

loss of water through osmosis, accompanied by shrinkage of protoplasm away from the cell wall.

26
Q

Imbibition

A

Swelling of tissues to at least twice its size, whether dead or alive, initial step to germination of seeds

27
Q

Active transport

A

The absorbing and retaining solutes against diffusion (electrical) gradient by using energy. (involves a proton pump)

28
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

pressure used to prevent osmosis

29
Q

What is the primary way water enters plants from the environment?

A

By Osmosis.

  1. Water flows from Soil >Cell wall & intercellular spaces in roots
  2. Crosses through permeable membrane>cytoplasm of endodermis> xylem
  3. flows through xylem>leaves>diffuses out of stomata
30
Q

Transpiration

A

Water vapor loss from internal leaf atmosphere. 90% of water entering a plant is transpired.

31
Q

What is the water needed for in a plant?

A

Cell activities, Cell turgor, Evaporation for cooling (stomata closes when more water is loss then taken in)

32
Q

Stomata

A

A minute pore or opening in the epidermis of leaves, herbaceous stems, and it is flanked by two guard cells that regulate its opening and closing thus regulating gas exchange and transpiration.

33
Q

What is Cohesion-Tension Theory?

A

Transpiration generates tension to pull water columns in vessels and tracheids through plants from roots to leaves.

34
Q

What happens when water evaporates from mesophyll cells?

A

They develop a lower water potential than adjacent cells and move to those adjacent cell with a higher water potential.

35
Q

What regulates transpiration?

A

Stomatal Apparatus

36
Q

What is Pressure-Flow Hypothesis?

A
  1. Water enters by osmosis
  2. Organic solute flow from source**
  3. To Sinks**
  4. Where Food is utilized and water exits.
37
Q

Macronutrients

A

Nutrients used by plants in greater amounts

38
Q

Micronutrients

A

Nutrients used by plants in smaller amounts

39
Q

What do molecules move along during diffusion?

A

Against a Concentration Gradient

40
Q

Water Potential

A

osmotic potential + pressure potential

water moves from cell with higher water potential to cell with lower water potential

41
Q

proton pump

A

enzyme complex in plasma membrane energized by ATP molecules

42
Q

phloem loading

A

sugar enters by active transport into sieve tubes

43
Q

water potential of sieve tubes [blank] and water enters by [blank]

A

decreases, osmosis

44
Q

turgor pressure develops and drives fluid through [blank] toward [blank]

A

sieve tubes, sinks

45
Q

The water and the sugar solution flows along the pressure gradient towards a

A

Sink

46
Q

Sugar molecules are moved by active transport from the phloem to storage [blank] cells in the root.

A

parenchyma

47
Q

which tissue is resposible for transports in plants?

A

Vascular tissue systems

48
Q

The transport cells in [blank] are dead at maturity

A

Xylem

49
Q

Trichomes

A

are hairlike projections of the epidermis that may be useful in defense and in reducing evaporation.

50
Q

Lenticels

A

are found in the periderm of woody stems

51
Q

Endodermis

A

Regulation of movement of materials into the vascular cylinder of the root is controlled primarily by the:

52
Q

Secondary Xylem

A

where the growth rings of trees found in temperate zones are visible

53
Q

Leaf abscission can be triggered by

A

drought, changing weather and stress

Plant Basics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions