Simon De Montfort and Henry III Flashcards
How was money/war a cause of conflict between Henry III and the barons?
Henry was the same as father (John) e.g
- he has tensions with barons due to money shortage (yet lived an extravagant lifestyle)
- bending laws
- he lot two major wars in France and only listen to a few of his advisers
- He ruled in a arbitrary way
How was money/religion a cause of conflict between Henry III and the barons?
- Henry paying money to help Pope fight wars in Europe
- Failed to pay money Pope threatened to excommunicated him
How was religion a cause of conflict between Henry III and the barons?
-Henry gave top jobs in Church to Italian members of the clergy- gave foreign people rather than englishmen more power
How was SimonDeMontfort a cause of conflict between Henry III and the barons?
- Simon De Montfort had a complicated relationship with king
- became involved with Barons opposition to king
- Henry put him on trial several times for his actions
Why did Simon De Montfort have a complicated relationship with king?
- lost land and wanted it back
- Simon was pious and kept promises
- Simon married King’s sister and fought wars on Henry’s behalf
- Henry put him on trial several times for his actions but let him go
When was the King forced to sign the Provisions of Oxford?
June 1258
What are the main 4 clauses of he Provisions of Oxford ?
- Foreign members of household would be banished
- Castles held by Englishmen
- Each county would have a sheriff- taxes decided locally
- 15 barons in the Great Council
Battle of Lewes?
- Barons asked Montfort to lead army against the king because he reused to sign provisions
- May 1264 Montfort defeated Henry at Battle of Lewes and put him and his son in prison
What did de Montfort do when he was in charge?
- Montfort formed a council of nine people
- reissued Magna Carta and Provisions of Oxford
Why did the barons turn against de Montfort?
Thought he was too powerful and turned against him
When he didn’t consult with them about calling commoners to parliament, they thought he was acting like king so supported Henry III instead
How did de Montfort call the first British parliament?
To increase support he asked merchants and knights to attend his Great Council- first time commoners consulted in national matters - first english Parliament
Battle of Evesham?
Edward allowed out of prison
4th Aug Royalist Army of 18000 knight defeated deMontfort who was hacked to death
What were the short term consequences of all the events leading up to the Battle of Evesham? (2)
- first time commoners consulted in national matters - first english Parliament
- Barons switched support
What were the longt term consequences of all the events leading up to the Battle of Evesham? (3)
- De Montfort regarded as a martyr for freedom as he rebelled against unfair kingship
- New Parliament established idea that a king had to call Parliament to raise taxes
- became a symbol for democracy (like Magna Carta) and the rebellion against power
What were the Provisions of Westminster?
barons set out the Provisions of Westminster, they specified that parliaments should be held three times a year
Henry had grown stronger by 1261 and Henry refused
