Simon And Chabris

Question 1

How did the aim of the study build on previous research?

Answer 1

Looked at…
Divided visual attention and investigate inattentnal blindness complex object and dynamic scenes

Question 2

What is the conclusion of the study?
1st side of revision card

Answer 2

. Individuals do have inattentional blindness of dynamic events
. Occurs fail to notice seemingly obvious unexpected event if engaged in another monitoring task

. The extent of inattentional blindness is dependent of the difficulty of primary task

. More likely to notice unexpected event if it is visually similer to what you paying attention to

Question 3

What happens if you don’t pay attention?

Conclusion

Answer 3

No attention means no conscious perception.
Which means object can pass through spatial extent of attentional focus but still not be seen if not attended to.

Question 4

How does the study link to the key theme of attention?

1 st side of card

Answer 4

Rigours and empirical evidence of visual selective attention.
Proves phenomena of inattentional blindness of dynamic events

Shows that not all info in our field of vision is processed
Especially if doesn’t fit with attended task= no memory

Findings shows that attention of early cognitive processes is vital as no attention means don’t perceive info from senses continuously

Question 5

A) What are the two types of attentional in our senses?

B) how can inattentional bias occur?

Answer 5

A) hearing = inattentional deafness
Vision = inattentional blindness

B) individual diversity meaning some are more effective than other even when happens over time central vision

46% didn’t notice = individual difference susceptibility

Question 6

How does it link to cognitive area?

Answer 6

Investigates cognitive area of attention.

Selective attention- unexpected event that is in central field of vision might be entirely missed if focused visual attention is on different feature of visual event.

Question 7

What is the practical application?
Evaluation

Answer 7

Useful in explaining why we notice certain events in real life situations

Helped to identify situation that may increase likelihood of inattentional blindness
Eg taking part challenging task

Question 8

What is the sample?

Answer 8

228 participants
36 removed = 16 group of 12

Volunteer sample - no payment , single payment ( if in another study ) , candy bar

Undergraduate- male and female

Question 9

What previous research did they build on and what did they do to increase ecological validity

Answer 9

Divided visual attention and investigate ub on complex object and dynamic scene

Made more realistic - looked into number validity

Question 10

Outline two weaknesses of using an independent measure design in this study.

4 marks

Answer 10

One weakness is the number of participants that need to be recruited (1).
In this study they had four conditions and had to recruit separate participants for each condition and this could mean the research takes longer to conduct (1).

Another weakness is the effect of participant variables on findings (1)
as the difference between conditions could be do with the cognitive abilities of individual participants rather than the different situations that had been set up (1).

Question 11

Simons and charbris used an independent measures design in their study in attention

Explain how the design was used

2 marks

Answer 11

Ppt were allocated to one of four conditions

Varying between whether used :
Unexpected event - gorlilla / umbrella
Type of video - transparent / opaque
Difficulty of task - easy / hard