simmonds Flashcards
(221 cards)
features of the cognitive stage of learning
- jerky movement
- poor technique
- conscious thought of technique
- no Kinaesthesias
- Trial and error stage
features of the associative stage of learning
- starting to strategise
- practice stage
- more fluent movement
- more trial and error
- long term memory store
- match technical model of performance
features of the autonomus stage of learning
- technique is subconscious
- movement is fluid
- intrinsic feedback
whole practice description
skill is practiced without any breakdowns of subroutines e.g. cartwheel
advantages of whole practice
- develops kinesthesis
- allows us to enhance/improve the skill quickly
disadvantages of whole practice
- hard for cognitive learners
- cant break down the skill to focus on sub routine
part practice description
skill is broken down into subroutines, particular sub routine is then selected and practiced e.g. ball toss in a tennis serve
advantages of part practice
- can focus on specific weakness within the skill
- fine tune the skill
- build confidence for cognitive learners
- can experience success quickly
disadvantages of part practice
- lose the kinaesthetic feel
- can be time consuming
progressive part practice description
(AKA chaining)
first subroutine is practiced, then the second, then both together before the third is added
e.g. ball and racket, then ball toss then both together
advantages of progressive part practice
- shows coach which areas need improving
- useful to break down skills that require a lot of information
disadvantages of progressive part practice
- cannot use in discrete skills as they can’t be broken down into sub routines
- can be time consuming
- if first sub routine is not performed well then whole skill will be badly effected
whole-part-whole practice description
practice whole skill without breaks in, a subroutine is then selected and practiced in isolation, then whole skill is practiced again
e.g. tennis serve, then ball toss, then serve again
advantages of whole-part-whole practice
- good for low organisation and serial skills
disadvantages of whole-part-whole practice
- time consuming
- lose kinesthesis during the part phase
massed practice description
continuous practice session
advantages of massed practice
- gives good kinaesthetic feel
- good with short duration skills
disadvantages of massed practice
- can cause tedium as skill is continuously repeated
distributed practice description
involves periods of rest in between work
advantages of distributed practice
- allows athletes to practice mental rehearsal in breaks
- feedback can be given in breaks
- good for beginner
fixed practice description
practice sone in a stable and predictable environment
advantages of fixed practice
- allows the athlete to get a strong kinaesthetic feel for the skill
- allows performer to focus on individual skills
- allows performer to focus on entirety of skill
disadvantages of fixed practice
- can cause tedium as performer is repeating same skill every time.
varied practice description
practice in an unpredictable environment e.g. 4 vs 2 attack vs defence