Silicate mineral Flashcards
All silicate minerals share a common building block called ___________.
Silica tetrahedron
The abundance of negative charge causes the silica tetrahedron to have an affinity for atoms with positive charges. To solve this problem, it needs to ________. The mineral _____ formed this way.
add more cations; olivine
The second way for the silica tetrahedra to balance their charges is to _________. The mineral ____ formed this way.
link to one another; quartz
Minerals with isolated tetrahedra
Nesosilicates
Example of nesosilicate
olivine, forsterite, and fayalite
Silica tetrahedron connected to one another forming a single chain arrangement.
Single-chain silicates or inosilicates
Example of inosilicates (single chain)
pyroxene (augite), orthopyroxene, wollastonite, and clinopyroxene
The atomic structure is defined by pairs of parallel silica tetrahedra chains, wherein every other tetrahedron shares an oxygen
Double chain silicate
Example of double chain silicate
Amphiboles
Structures that have two silicate tetrahedrons (each consisting of a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron) linked together.
Sorosilicate
Example of sorosilicate
Epidote and zoisite
Silicates containing rings of linked SiO4 tetrahedra. The Si: O. ratio is 1:3
Cyclosilicate
Example of cyclosilicate
Tourmaline
Each tetrahedron chares three corner oxygen atoms with its neighbors.
Sheet Silicate or Phyllosilicates
Example of phyllosilicate
Biotite (mica group), clay minerals, serpentine, chlorite
Oxygen atom in every tetrahedron is shared with another, forming a three-dimensional framework.
Framework silicate and tectosilicates
Example of tectosilicates
Feldspars, quartz, zeolite
Scientist who developed a model that characterized the order in which silicate minerals forms as magma cool
Norman L. Bowen
Model explains the formation of different types of plagioclase feldspar.
Continuous reaction series
Enumerate the continuous series
albite - oligoclase - andesine - labradorite -bytownite - anorthite
Model describes the crystallization of distinct types of minerals as a body of magma cools.
Discontinuous reaction series
Enumerate the discontinuous series
olivine - pyroxene - amphibole - biotite mica
Minerals that might crystallize from a cooling body of magma once it reached a temperature of around 600 degrees, but only if that magma is rich in silica
potassium feldspar, muscovite, mica, and quartz
T or F. Minerals with higher in BRS have higher crystallization temperatures than those that are lower in BRS.
T
T or F. Minerals higher in the discontinuous series of BRS have lighter in color than those are lower in BRS.
F. Darker
T or F. Minerals that are lower in the discontinuous series of BRS have greater amounts of iron and magnesium.
F. Higher
T or F. Minerals that are higher in the discontinuous series of BRS have greater amounts of silica.
F. Lower
Minerals that are in lower discontinuous series of BRS are more resistant to weathering those that are higher in the series.
T
