Crash course to Historical Geology Flashcards
1
Q
Age of Hadean
A
4000 Ma - 4567 Ma
2
Q
- Acasta Gneiss
- Zircon
- End of Bombardment
- Formation of the Moon
A
Hadean Eon
3
Q
Age of Archean
A
2500 - 4000 Ma
4
Q
Eons under Precambrian
A
Archean and Proterozoic
5
Q
- RNA and DNA-based life and Cells
- Stromatolites
- Stabilization of modern day cratons - GS Belts
- First stromatolites
A
Archean eon
6
Q
Eras under Proterozoic eon
A
Paleo - proterozoic
Meso - proterozoic
Neo - proterozoic
7
Q
Age of Proterozoic
A
635 - 2500 Ma
8
Q
Period of first mass extinction
A
Ediacaran
9
Q
- Great oxygenation
- Bushveld complex
- Huronian Glaciation (first ice age)
A
paleo-proterozoic era
10
Q
- Rodinia starts to form
A
Meso-proterozoic era
11
Q
- Final form and break up of rodinia
- Cryogenian ice age
- Brief formation of Pannotia (Ediacaran)
- Split off to Laurentia, Siberia, Baltica, and Gondwana
- Formation of ozone layer
- Ediacaran Biota
A
Neo - proterozoic
12
Q
Age of Cambrian
A
485.4 - 538.8 Ma
13
Q
- First modern animal phyla
- First vertebrates e.g. - jawless fish or agnathans
A
Cambrian Period
14
Q
Anthrophods, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms, hemichordates, brachiopods, bryozoans, graptolites, protist
A
Cambrian explosion
15
Q
Age of Ordovician
A
443.8 - 485.4 Ma
16
Q
- Appearance of Jawed Fish
- Appearance of ostracoderm (armored jawless fish)
- Terrestrial plants
- Fungi
A
Ordivician Period
17
Q
Age of Silurian
A
419.2 - 443.8 Ma
18
Q
-Start of collision of laurentia and baltica
- Caledonian orogeny - hills and mountains of England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and Scandinavia
A
Silurian Period
19
Q
Age of Devonian
A
358.9 - 419.2 Ma
20
Q
- Greatest diversification of fish - placoderms, lobe-finned, ray finned bony fish, early cartilaginous fish, and appearance of stegocephali.
- Begining of Acadian and Taconian orogenies.
- First lycopods, ferns, seed plants, trees, and winged insects.
A
Devonian Period
21
Q
Two sub-periods under Carboniferous
A
Mississippian and Pennsylvanian
22
Q
Age of Mississippian
A
323.2 - 358.9 Ma
23
Q
Age of Pennsylvanian
A
298.9 - 323.2 Ma
24
Q
Age of Carboniferous
A
298.9 - 358.9 Ma
25
- First gymnosperm
- Amphibians
- Amphibious snails
Mississippian
26
- First and diversification of amniotes
- Appearance of reptiles
- Large coal deposits
- Appearance of sharks
Pennsylvanian
27
Age of Permian
251.902 - 298.9 Ma
28
- Formation of Pangaea along with Ural, Ouachitas, Appalachian Mountains
- Synapsids become widespread
- Series of mass extinction e.g. (P-T extinction)
- Widespread flood basalts e.g. (Siberian traps and other Large Igneous Provinces)
- Appearance of Cynodonts
Permian Period
29
P-T extinction cause _______ to ________.
death to trilobites
30
Periods under the Paleozoic Era.
Permian, Carboniferous, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, Cambrian
31
Three periods under Mesozoic era.
Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous period
32
Age of Paleozoic Era
251.902 - 538.8 Ma
33
Age of Mesozoic Era
66 - 251.902 Ma
34
Age of Triassic Period
201.4 - 251.902 Ma
35
Age of Jurassic
145.0 - 201.4 Ma
36
- Appearance of Archosaurs (non-avian dinosaurs and birds) and marine dinosaurs
- Size reduction for cynodonts
- Modern corals
- First diatoms
-Andean and Cimmerian orogeny
- FIRST MAMMALS!
Triassic
37
- Formation of Tethys oceans
- Common dinosaurs
- Start of breaking of Pangea to Laurasia and Gondwana forming the arctic and pacific ocean
- First BIRDS, snake, lizards, turtles, brown algae, rays, shrimps, crabs, lobster
Jurassic Period
38
Age of Cretaceous
66 - 145 Ma
39
- Appearance of flowering plants
- Appearance of tyrannosaurus rex (first and last)
- Appearance of crocodilians, modern sharks, and toothless birds
- Non-mammalian cynodonts die out
- Break up of Gondwana
- Philippine Ophiolites form
- Extinction of dinosaurs
Cretaceous
40
Cause the disappearance of the last of the great dinosaurs.
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (K-T event)
41
Epochs under Paleogene period
Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene
42
- Starts after the K-Pg and chicxulub crater
- Appearance of larger birds, proboscideans (elephant), and rodents
- Start of Alpine orogeny
- Closing of paleotethys
- Isolation/ closing of Mediterranean, Black, Caspian, and Aral Seas
Paleocene epoch
43
- Start of Himalayan and Hellenic orogeny
- Closing of Tethys
- Opening of the Indian Ocean
- Separation of Eurasia and N. America
- Warming on the first half (early), cooling on the second half (late)
- Appearance of bears, whales, sea cows, ruminants, pangolins, bats, and true primates
Eocene epoch
44
- Start of Antarctic Glaciation
- First macropods (e.g. kangaroos and quokkas) and seals
Oligocene epoch
45
Age of Miocene epoch
5.333 - 23.03 Ma
46
Age of Pliocene
2.58 - 5.333 Ma
47
Age of Pleistocene
0.0117 - 2.58 Ma
48
Age of Holocene
Present - 0.0117 Ma
49
Period under cenozoic era
Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary
50
Epochs under Neogene Period
Miocene and Pliocene
51
Epochs under the Quaternary Period
Pleistocene and Holocene
52
- Afro-Arabia plate collides with Eurasia to complete the Alpide-Himalayan Orogenic belt
- Early primates appear
- Separation of human and chimpanzee
- Warm climate then Ice age towards the end of epoch
Miocene
53
- Australopithecus dominates east africa
-Stone age begins
- Greenland ice sheet start to develop
- Present day CO2 and O2 levels
Pliocene
54
- Last glacial maxima
- Humans expands to asia, americas, and oceania
- Homo Habilis - Early Pleistocene
- Homo Sapiens - Middle Pleistocene
- Homo Erectus - Afro Eurasia
Pleistocene
55
Early - agriculture was invented and Sahara is wet
Middle - high sea levels, end of stone age, sahara desert
Holocene
