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Correlation Course > Crash course to Historical Geology > Flashcards

Crash course to Historical Geology Flashcards

1
Q

Age of Hadean

A

4000 Ma - 4567 Ma

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2
Q
  • Acasta Gneiss
  • Zircon
  • End of Bombardment
  • Formation of the Moon
A

Hadean Eon

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3
Q

Age of Archean

A

2500 - 4000 Ma

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4
Q

Eons under Precambrian

A

Archean and Proterozoic

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5
Q
  • RNA and DNA-based life and Cells
  • Stromatolites
  • Stabilization of modern day cratons - GS Belts
  • First stromatolites
A

Archean eon

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6
Q

Eras under Proterozoic eon

A

Paleo - proterozoic
Meso - proterozoic
Neo - proterozoic

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7
Q

Age of Proterozoic

A

635 - 2500 Ma

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8
Q

Period of first mass extinction

A

Ediacaran

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9
Q
  • Great oxygenation
  • Bushveld complex
  • Huronian Glaciation (first ice age)
A

paleo-proterozoic era

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10
Q
  • Rodinia starts to form
A

Meso-proterozoic era

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11
Q
  • Final form and break up of rodinia
  • Cryogenian ice age
  • Brief formation of Pannotia (Ediacaran)
  • Split off to Laurentia, Siberia, Baltica, and Gondwana
  • Formation of ozone layer
  • Ediacaran Biota
A

Neo - proterozoic

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12
Q

Age of Cambrian

A

485.4 - 538.8 Ma

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13
Q
  • First modern animal phyla
  • First vertebrates e.g. - jawless fish or agnathans
A

Cambrian Period

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14
Q

Anthrophods, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms, hemichordates, brachiopods, bryozoans, graptolites, protist

A

Cambrian explosion

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15
Q

Age of Ordovician

A

443.8 - 485.4 Ma

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16
Q
  • Appearance of Jawed Fish
  • Appearance of ostracoderm (armored jawless fish)
  • Terrestrial plants
  • Fungi
A

Ordivician Period

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17
Q

Age of Silurian

A

419.2 - 443.8 Ma

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18
Q

-Start of collision of laurentia and baltica
- Caledonian orogeny - hills and mountains of England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and Scandinavia

A

Silurian Period

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19
Q

Age of Devonian

A

358.9 - 419.2 Ma

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20
Q
  • Greatest diversification of fish - placoderms, lobe-finned, ray finned bony fish, early cartilaginous fish, and appearance of stegocephali.
  • Begining of Acadian and Taconian orogenies.
  • First lycopods, ferns, seed plants, trees, and winged insects.
A

Devonian Period

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21
Q

Two sub-periods under Carboniferous

A

Mississippian and Pennsylvanian

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22
Q

Age of Mississippian

A

323.2 - 358.9 Ma

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23
Q

Age of Pennsylvanian

A

298.9 - 323.2 Ma

24
Q

Age of Carboniferous

A

298.9 - 358.9 Ma

25
Q
  • First gymnosperm
  • Amphibians
  • Amphibious snails
A

Mississippian

26
Q
  • First and diversification of amniotes
  • Appearance of reptiles
  • Large coal deposits
  • Appearance of sharks
A

Pennsylvanian

27
Q

Age of Permian

A

251.902 - 298.9 Ma

28
Q
  • Formation of Pangaea along with Ural, Ouachitas, Appalachian Mountains
  • Synapsids become widespread
  • Series of mass extinction e.g. (P-T extinction)
  • Widespread flood basalts e.g. (Siberian traps and other Large Igneous Provinces)
  • Appearance of Cynodonts
A

Permian Period

29
Q

P-T extinction cause _______ to ________.

A

death to trilobites

30
Q

Periods under the Paleozoic Era.

A

Permian, Carboniferous, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician, Cambrian

31
Q

Three periods under Mesozoic era.

A

Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous period

32
Q

Age of Paleozoic Era

A

251.902 - 538.8 Ma

33
Q

Age of Mesozoic Era

A

66 - 251.902 Ma

34
Q

Age of Triassic Period

A

201.4 - 251.902 Ma

35
Q

Age of Jurassic

A

145.0 - 201.4 Ma

36
Q
  • Appearance of Archosaurs (non-avian dinosaurs and birds) and marine dinosaurs
  • Size reduction for cynodonts
  • Modern corals
  • First diatoms

-Andean and Cimmerian orogeny

  • FIRST MAMMALS!
A

Triassic

37
Q
  • Formation of Tethys oceans
  • Common dinosaurs
  • Start of breaking of Pangea to Laurasia and Gondwana forming the arctic and pacific ocean
  • First BIRDS, snake, lizards, turtles, brown algae, rays, shrimps, crabs, lobster
A

Jurassic Period

38
Q

Age of Cretaceous

A

66 - 145 Ma

39
Q
  • Appearance of flowering plants
  • Appearance of tyrannosaurus rex (first and last)
  • Appearance of crocodilians, modern sharks, and toothless birds
  • Non-mammalian cynodonts die out
  • Break up of Gondwana
  • Philippine Ophiolites form
  • Extinction of dinosaurs
A

Cretaceous

40
Q

Cause the disappearance of the last of the great dinosaurs.

A

Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (K-T event)

41
Q

Epochs under Paleogene period

A

Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene

42
Q
  • Starts after the K-Pg and chicxulub crater
  • Appearance of larger birds, proboscideans (elephant), and rodents
  • Start of Alpine orogeny
  • Closing of paleotethys
  • Isolation/ closing of Mediterranean, Black, Caspian, and Aral Seas
A

Paleocene epoch

43
Q
  • Start of Himalayan and Hellenic orogeny
  • Closing of Tethys
  • Opening of the Indian Ocean
  • Separation of Eurasia and N. America
  • Warming on the first half (early), cooling on the second half (late)
  • Appearance of bears, whales, sea cows, ruminants, pangolins, bats, and true primates
A

Eocene epoch

44
Q
  • Start of Antarctic Glaciation
  • First macropods (e.g. kangaroos and quokkas) and seals
A

Oligocene epoch

45
Q

Age of Miocene epoch

A

5.333 - 23.03 Ma

46
Q

Age of Pliocene

A

2.58 - 5.333 Ma

47
Q

Age of Pleistocene

A

0.0117 - 2.58 Ma

48
Q

Age of Holocene

A

Present - 0.0117 Ma

49
Q

Period under cenozoic era

A

Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary

50
Q

Epochs under Neogene Period

A

Miocene and Pliocene

51
Q

Epochs under the Quaternary Period

A

Pleistocene and Holocene

52
Q
  • Afro-Arabia plate collides with Eurasia to complete the Alpide-Himalayan Orogenic belt
  • Early primates appear
  • Separation of human and chimpanzee
  • Warm climate then Ice age towards the end of epoch
A

Miocene

53
Q
  • Australopithecus dominates east africa

-Stone age begins

  • Greenland ice sheet start to develop
  • Present day CO2 and O2 levels
A

Pliocene

54
Q
  • Last glacial maxima
  • Humans expands to asia, americas, and oceania
  • Homo Habilis - Early Pleistocene
  • Homo Sapiens - Middle Pleistocene
  • Homo Erectus - Afro Eurasia
A

Pleistocene

55
Q

Early - agriculture was invented and Sahara is wet

Middle - high sea levels, end of stone age, sahara desert

A

Holocene

Correlation Course (15 decks)

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