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Bowel Cancer > Signs + Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs + Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes fresh blood in stools?

A
  • Haemorrhoids
  • Acute anal fissure (following trauma or severe constipation)
  • Colo-rectal neoplasms
  • Acute proctitis
  • IBD
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2
Q

How would acute anal fissures present?

A

Associated with severe pain, usually when passing hard faeces sometimes with bright red anal bleeding on toilet paper.

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of bowel cancer?

A
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Change in bowel habit
  • Abdominal/rectal mass
  • Iron deficiency anaemia
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Abdominal pain
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4
Q

What are the differential diagnoses of bowel cancer?

A
  • Fissure in ano
  • Haemorrhoids
  • IBD
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Other causes of anaemia
  • Malabsorption
  • STIs
  • Anal cancer
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5
Q

Who is at high risk on the 2 week wait?

A
  • 6 wk change bowel habit + bleeding any age
  • Change bowel habit (loose) >6wk + >60yrs
  • Rectal bleeding without anal symptoms >60yrs
  • Palpable right sided mass any age
  • Palpable rectal mass any age
  • Unexplained IDA any age
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6
Q

Who is at low risk on 2 week wait?

A

No IDA, rectal or palpable mass

Rectal bleeding + anal symptoms, no change in bowel habits

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7
Q

What are the complications of colonic diverticuli?

A
  1. Infection resulting in diverticulitis (pain in left side of abdomen or hypogastrium)
  2. Bleeding - occult or overt
  3. Perforation (due to possible leakage of faeces giving rise to faecal peritonitis)
  4. Abscess formation
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8
Q

What are the causes of generalised pain in the abdomen?

A
  • Perforated viscous
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • DKA
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9
Q

What are the causes of RUQ pain in the abdomen?

A
  • Gallbladder disease (cholecystitis, cholangitis)
  • Duodenal ulcer
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Pneumonia (referred pain)
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10
Q

What are the causes of LUQ pain in the abdomen?

A
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Spontaneous splenic rupture
  • Pneumonia
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11
Q

What are the causes of right iliac fossa pain in the abdomen?

A
  • Acute appendicitis
  • Perforated duodenal ulcer
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Diverticulitis
  • Constipation
  • Renal colic
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Ruptured ovarian cyst
  • Salpingitis
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12
Q

What are the signs of diverticular disease?

A
  • Altered bowel habit +/- left sided colic relieved by defecation
  • Nausea + flatulence
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13
Q

What are the signs of diverticulitis?

A
  • Features of diverticular disease + pyrexia
  • Increased WCC
  • Increased CRP/ESR
  • Tender colon +/- localised or generalised peritoneum
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14
Q

What are the causes of left iliac fossa pain in the abdomen?

A
  • Diverticulitis
  • Constipation
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Ruptured ovarian cyst
  • Salpingitis
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15
Q

What are the causes of epigastric pain in the abdomen?

A
  • Peptic or duodenal ulcer
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Gallstones
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16
Q

What are the causes of central abdominal pain?

A
  • Early appendicitis
  • Small bowel obstruction
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Mesenteric thrombosis
17
Q

What are the causes of suprapubic pain in the abdomen?

A
  • Acute urinary retention
  • UTI
  • Ectopic pregnancy
18
Q

What are the red flags for colonic cancer?

A
  • Anaemia
  • Rectal bleeding
  • FH of bowel cancer
  • Rectal or abdominal mass
  • Change in bowel habit + >60 yrs
  • Unexplained weight loss
19
Q

What are the symptoms of appendicitis?

A
  • Dull pain near the navel or upper or lower abdomen that becomes sharp as it moves to the lower right abdomen
  • Loss of appetite - often with n+v
20
Q

What are the signs of peritonitis?

A

Abdomen tender and rigid early, distended later

21
Q

What are the signs of obstruction?

A

Abdomen distends early, rigid and tender layer

22
Q

What are the signs of bowel obstruction?

A
  • Large - constipation

- Small - profuse and frequent

Bowel Cancer (4 decks)

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