signs and symptoms of psychopathology Flashcards
patient’s orientation is disturbed
regarding time, place, or person
disorientation
exhibits confusion, restlessness,
bewilderment, and a disoriented reaction
associated with hallucinations and fear
delirium
“incomplete
clearmindedness with disturbance in perception
and attitudes”
clouding of consciousness
unaware and lacks reaction to the
environment
stupor
disturbance in consciousness with hallucinations
twilight state
another term used for
psychomotor epilepsy or complex partial seizure
dreamlike state
usually displayed in organic processes; abnormal drowsiness
somnolence
shows appearance of sleeping but is aroused readily
coma vigil / akinetic mutism
profound level of consciousness
coma
inability to concentrate; drawn to
irrelevant or unimportant external stimuli
distractibility
only things that give anxiety are blocked out
selective attention
excessive focus and attention
on all internal and external stimuli due to paranoia
hypervigilance
emotional
illness that is communicated between two (or three)
persons
folie a deux (folie a trois)
consciousness that is induced artificially, characterized by a heightened suggestibility
hypnosis
the normal condition in
which emotional tone is in harmony with the
accompanying idea, thought, or speech (broad/ full affect)
appropriate affect
disharmony between the emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought, or speech accompanying it
inappropriate affect
severe reduction in the intensity of externalized feeling tone
blunted affect
reduction in
intensity of feeling tone; less severe than blunted
affect but clearly reduced
restricted or constricted affect
absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression; an immobile face and monotonous voice
flat affect
rapid and abrupt changes in emotional feeling tone, unrelated to external stimuli
labile affect
an unpleasant mood
dysphoric mood
a normal range of mood
euthymic mood
expression of one’s feelings w/o restraint, frequently w/ an overestimation of one’s significance or importance
expansive mood
easily provoked to anger and annoyed
irritable mood
oscillations between euphoric and depressive or anxious state
mood swings (labile mood)
possessing an air of enjoyment and confidence; a mood more cheerful than normal but not necessarily pathological
elevated mood
intense elation w/ feelings of grandeur
euphoria
feeling of intense rapture
ecstasy
psychopathological feeling of sadness
depression
loss of interest in and withdrawal from all regular and pleasurable activities, often associated w/ depression
anhedonia
sadness appropriate to a real loss
grief / mourning
inability or difficulty in being aware or describing one’s moods or emotions
alexithymia
feeling of apprehension caused by
anticipation of danger, which may be internal or
external
anxiety
unfocused, pervasive fear not attached to any idea
free-floating anxiety
anxiety caused by consciously recognized and realistic danger
fear
severe anxiety associated w/ motor restlessness
agitation
unpleasant increased motor and psychological activity
tension
acute, episodic, intense anxiety attack associated w/ overwhelming feelings of dread
panic
dulled emotional tone associated with indifference or detachment
apathy
coexistence of two opposing impulses toward the same thing in the same person at the same time
ambivalence
loss of or decrease in appetite
anorexia
increase in appetite and intake of food
hyperphagia
lack of or diminished ability to sleep
insomnia
difficulty in falling asleep
initial
difficulty in sleeping through the night w/o waking up and difficulty in going back to sleep
middle
early morning awakening
terminal
excessive sleeping
hypersomnia
mood is regularly worst in morning, immediately after awakening, and improves as the day progresses
diurnal variation
decreased sexual interest, drive, and performance
diminished libido
inability or difficulty defecating
constipation
pathological imitation of movements of one person by another
echopraxia
motor anomalies in non-organic disorders
catatonia
general term for an immobile position that is constantly maintained
catalepsy
agitated, purposeless motor activity, uninfluenced by external stimuli
catatonic stupor
voluntary assumption of a rigid posture, held against all efforts to be moved
catatonic rigidity
voluntary assumption of an
inappropriate or bizarre posture, generally maintained
for long periods of time
catatonic posturing
the person can
be molded into a position that is then maintained; when
the examiner moves the person’s limb, the limb feels as if
it were made of wax
cerea flexibilitas (waxy flexibility)
motiveless resistance to all attempts to be moved or to all instructions
negativism
temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states
cataplexy
repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech
stereotypy
ingrained, habitual involuntary movement
mannerism
automatic performance of an act or
acts generally representative of unconscious
symbolic activity
automatism
automatic following of
suggestions (also called automatic obedience)
command automatism
voicelessness w/o structural abnormalities
mutism
abnormality in motor behavior that
can manifest itself as psychomotor agitation,
hyperactivity, tic, sleepwalking, or compulsions
overactivity
excessive motor and
cognitive overactivity, usually nonproductive and in
response to inner tension
psychomotor agitation
restless,
aggressive, destructive activity, often associated
with some underlying organic pathology
hyperactivity / hyperkinesis
involuntary, spasmodic motor movement
tic
motor activity during sleep
sleepwalking (somnambulism)
subjective feeling of muscular tension
secondary to antipsychotic or other medication,
which can cause restlessness, pacing, repeated
sitting and standing; can be mistaken for psychotic
agitation
akathisia
uncontrollable impulse to perform
an act repetitively
compulsion
compulsion to drink alcohol
dipsomania
compulsion to steal
kleptomania
excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a woman
nymphomania
excessive and coitus need for a man
satyriasis
compulsion to pull out one’s hair
trichotillomania
automatic activity compulsive in nature, anxiety-reducing in origin
ritual
decreased motor
and cognitive activity, as in psychomotor
retardation; visible slowing of thought, speech and
movements
hypoactivity / hypokinesis
simple, imitative motor activity of childhood
mimicry
forceful goal-directed action that may
be verbal or physical; the motor counterpart of the
affect of rage, anger, or hostility
aggression
direct expression of an unconscious
wish or impulse in action; unconscious fantasy is
lived out impulsively in behavior
acting out
