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OS 212 DERMATOLOGY > Signs and Symptoms and General Diagnosis in Dermatology > Flashcards

Signs and Symptoms and General Diagnosis in Dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Primary Lesions

A 
macules
Papules
Vesicles
Pustules
Nodules
Comedo
Cyst
Tumor
Wheal
Telangiectasia
Purpura
Sclerosis
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2
Q

Secondary lesions

A 
Scales
Crusts
Erosions
Ulcers
Fissures
Excoriations
Scars
Lichenification
Atrophy
Sclerosis
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3
Q

Caused by capillary dilatation. Usually diffuse involvement of the skin

A

Erythema

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4
Q

Violaceous eythema and swelling around periorbital area

A

Dermatomyositis

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5
Q

Caused by extravasated red blood cells

A

Purpura

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6
Q

Hypersensitivity Vasculitis; when you biopsy it you would see leukocytoplastic vasculitis

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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7
Q

increased melanin in the basal layer

A

Freckles

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8
Q

Increased melanin in the basal layer with increased number of melanocytes

A

Cafe-au-lait spots nd lentigo

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9
Q

Common among women who had been pregnant or are taking oral contraceptive pills

A

Melasma

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10
Q

Decreased melanin in epidermis, usually seen in atopic dermatitis

A

Hypopigmentation

Pityriasis alba

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11
Q

Substance secreted by M. furfur

A

Azelaic acid

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12
Q

Absence of melanocytes in epidermis

A

Depigmentation

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13
Q

Consistency of Neurofibroma

A

soft

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14
Q

Hyperpigmented lesion, usually seen in the legs and usually secondary to some form of trauma

A

Dermatofibroma (firm consistency)

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15
Q

Benign follicular tumor, histologically will show ghost cells

A

Pilomatricoma

consistency (HARD)

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16
Q

localized scleroderma-whitish indurated patch (palpate it to appreciate induration or firmness/boardlike quality)

A

Morphea

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17
Q

Tender nodules that involve subcutaneous tissue; histology would show septal pappiliditis. Clinically, this may also present with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

A

Erythema Nodosum

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18
Q

Shape of Lesion

A 
ROund or oval
Polygonal
Annular
Polycyclic wheals
Iris
Serpiginous
Umbilicated
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19
Q

Target Lesions. Appears as concentric rings

A

Erythema Multiforme

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20
Q

Arrangement of Multiple Lesions

A

Grouped

Disseminated

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21
Q

Multiple eruptive seborrheic keratosis, most commonly associated with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma

A

Lesser Trelait Sign

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22
Q

Most common cutaneous symptom

A

Pruritus

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23
Q

The sensation of pruritus is carried from the skin by ???

A

Unmyelinated C fibers

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24
Q

Mediator of Itch on the Skin

A 
Histamine
Serotonin
Endopeptidases
Neuropeptidas
Eicosanoids
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25
Q

4P’s of Lichen Planus

A

Pruritic
Polygonal
Purplish
Papules

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26
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

show deposition of IgA at the tips of the dermal papilla; Histopath to confirm diagnosis; do not scratch because you will develop new lesions when it is traumatied (KOEBER PHENOMENON)

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27
Q

Pain, tingling sensation before skin lesions and post herpetic neuralgia (sensation of pain remains even when the lesions disappear)

A

herpes Zoster

28
Q

Tender, reddish-brown tumors seen in the arms and may also involve the trunk; biopsy to confirm

A

Pilar Leiomyoma

29
Q

Normal hair loss:

A

50 to 100 strands per day)

30
Q

Patchy baldnes which can be solitary or several that typiccally begins with rapid hair loss on discrete areas of the scalp

A

Alopecia Areata

31
Q

Characteristic diagnostic finding is short, broken hairs called exclamation point hairs. Associated with autoimmune diseases like thyroid disease or vitiligo

A

Alopecia areata

32
Q

Total loss of scalp hair

Can Affect eyebrows and eyelashes

A

Alopecia Totalis

33
Q

Total loss of both body and scalp hair

A

Alopecia Universalis

34
Q

Also known as male-pattern baldness. Recession begins above temples. Hairline eventually form a characteristic “M” Shape

A

Androgenic Alopecia

35
Q

Increased shedding of hair resulting from the early entry in the telogen phase

A

Telogen Effluvium

36
Q

Resting phase of the hair follicle when hair strands are shed off

A

Telogen Phase

37
Q

Causes of Telogen Effluvium

A

Pregnancy (Shedding of hair 4 months after but will grow again)

Discontinuing or changing type of oral contraceptives

Major surgical procedure

“Crash” dieting

38
Q

Green/yellow- green fluorescence with Wood’s lamp

A

Tinea capitis

39
Q

Green patch type

A

ectothrix

40
Q

Starts out as a more typical presentation of tinea capitis but is endothrix (invasion of hair shaft)

A

Kerion (Tinea capitis)

  • does not exhibit fluorescence with the Wood’s lamp
  • can cause inflammation and deteriorate to a deep abscess
41
Q

a rare inflmmatory condition that results in patchy progressive permanent hair loss mainly in the scalp

A

Lichen planopilaris

42
Q

Causes of Nail splitting

A 
Nail trauma
Skin Irritations
LAck of moisture
Artificial nail coatings
Repetitive exposure to water and harsh chemicals
Deficiencies of IRON VIT. C or PROTEIN
43
Q

Transverse splitting into layers at or near the free edge

A

Onychoschizia (lamellar dystrophy)

44
Q

Longitudinal ridging and splitting of the free edge

A

Onychorrhexis (Brittle nails)

45
Q

Small punctate depressions on the surface of the nail

A

Nail Pitting

46
Q

Presence of misshapen, partially or completely destroyed nail plates

A

Dystrophic nails

caused by:
Psoriasis
Onychomycosis
Trauma

47
Q

Orange brown or tan brown spot in nails

Can be yellowish - rule out of fungal infection

A

Oil spots of psoriasis

48
Q

Melanocytic nevus in white persons, maybe normal in black/brown-skinned persons.. if it extends to periungual skin (HUTCHINSON SIGN), then rule out melanoma

A

Brown linear band or streak

49
Q

Transverse depressions across the fingernail. Can occur after acute stress such as MI, hypotension, shock, injury to the nail, malnutrition, severe infection during chemotherapy for cancer

A

Beau’s lines

50
Q

If the length of the Beau’s line is somewhere in middle

A

stressful event occured 1 1/2 - 3 months

51
Q

Dilated capilalries around the nail. Might be indicative of connective tissue disorders such as Dermatomyositis, LE, RA

A

Periungual telangiectasia

52
Q

Bulbous enlargement and broadening of the fingertips. Lovibond’s angle exceeds 180 degrees

A

Clubbing

-inherited: AD

53
Q

Normal Lovibond’s angle

A

160 degrees

54
Q

Severe form of erythema multiforme (EM). Involves 2 or more mucous membranes such as oral cavity/lips, eyes/cojunctiva, perianal, genital mucosa

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

55
Q

SJS separation of epidermis from dermis

A

<10%: SJS
>30%: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
10-30%: overlap between SJS and TEN

56
Q

Autoimmune Disorder. Initial and can be the only manifestation: blisters and erosions in the inner lining of oral cavity

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

57
Q

Biopsy of Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Biopsy will reveal a suprabasal blister

Dx can also be made by direct immunofluorescence IgG+ complement deposited in between keratinocytes in the epidermis

58
Q

Large erosions due to tendency to extend peripherally after application of pressure (in Pemphigus Vulgaris)

A

Nikolsky sign

59
Q 
Erythematous scaly plaques
Advancing borders
Central clearing
Very pruritic
Named according to body part affected
A

Dermatophytoses

60
Q

Burning, eythematous, moist,partially eroded patch after application of irritant

A

irritant Contact Dermatitis

61
Q

Solitary or multiple wart like papules

A

Verruca

62
Q

Plaques with silvery white scales

A

Psoriasis

63
Q

common chronic skin disease involving blockage and/or inflammation of pilosebaceous units

A

Acne Vulgaris

64
Q

Firm, tender nodule

A

Furuncle

65
Q

Hypoesthetic (reduced sense of torch or sensation) plaque with erythematous border and hypopigmented center

A

Tuberculoid Leprosy

66
Q

Circumscribed plaque from repetitive rubbing and scratching

A

Lichen SImplex/Chronicus

67
Q

Hyperpigmented macules due to herpes zoster infection

A

Post-Inflammatory changes

OS 212 DERMATOLOGY (9 decks)

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