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OS 212 DERMATOLOGY > Signs and Symptoms and General Diagnosis in Dermatology > Flashcards

Signs and Symptoms and General Diagnosis in Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Lesions

A 
macules
Papules
Vesicles
Pustules
Nodules
Comedo
Cyst
Tumor
Wheal
Telangiectasia
Purpura
Sclerosis
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2
Q

Secondary lesions

A 
Scales
Crusts
Erosions
Ulcers
Fissures
Excoriations
Scars
Lichenification
Atrophy
Sclerosis
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3
Q

Caused by capillary dilatation. Usually diffuse involvement of the skin

A

Erythema

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4
Q

Violaceous eythema and swelling around periorbital area

A

Dermatomyositis

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5
Q

Caused by extravasated red blood cells

A

Purpura

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6
Q

Hypersensitivity Vasculitis; when you biopsy it you would see leukocytoplastic vasculitis

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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7
Q

increased melanin in the basal layer

A

Freckles

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8
Q

Increased melanin in the basal layer with increased number of melanocytes

A

Cafe-au-lait spots nd lentigo

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9
Q

Common among women who had been pregnant or are taking oral contraceptive pills

A

Melasma

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10
Q

Decreased melanin in epidermis, usually seen in atopic dermatitis

A

Hypopigmentation

Pityriasis alba

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11
Q

Substance secreted by M. furfur

A

Azelaic acid

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12
Q

Absence of melanocytes in epidermis

A

Depigmentation

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13
Q

Consistency of Neurofibroma

A

soft

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14
Q

Hyperpigmented lesion, usually seen in the legs and usually secondary to some form of trauma

A

Dermatofibroma (firm consistency)

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15
Q

Benign follicular tumor, histologically will show ghost cells

A

Pilomatricoma

consistency (HARD)

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16
Q

localized scleroderma-whitish indurated patch (palpate it to appreciate induration or firmness/boardlike quality)

A

Morphea

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17
Q

Tender nodules that involve subcutaneous tissue; histology would show septal pappiliditis. Clinically, this may also present with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

A

Erythema Nodosum

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18
Q

Shape of Lesion

A 
ROund or oval
Polygonal
Annular
Polycyclic wheals
Iris
Serpiginous
Umbilicated
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19
Q

Target Lesions. Appears as concentric rings

A

Erythema Multiforme

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20
Q

Arrangement of Multiple Lesions

A

Grouped

Disseminated

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21
Q

Multiple eruptive seborrheic keratosis, most commonly associated with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma

A

Lesser Trelait Sign

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22
Q

Most common cutaneous symptom

A

Pruritus

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23
Q

The sensation of pruritus is carried from the skin by ???

A

Unmyelinated C fibers

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24
Q

Mediator of Itch on the Skin

A 
Histamine
Serotonin
Endopeptidases
Neuropeptidas
Eicosanoids
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25
4P's of Lichen Planus
Pruritic Polygonal Purplish Papules
26
Dermatitis herpetiformis
show deposition of IgA at the tips of the dermal papilla; Histopath to confirm diagnosis; do not scratch because you will develop new lesions when it is traumatied (KOEBER PHENOMENON)
27
Pain, tingling sensation before skin lesions and post herpetic neuralgia (sensation of pain remains even when the lesions disappear)
herpes Zoster
28
Tender, reddish-brown tumors seen in the arms and may also involve the trunk; biopsy to confirm
Pilar Leiomyoma
29
Normal hair loss:
50 to 100 strands per day)
30
Patchy baldnes which can be solitary or several that typiccally begins with rapid hair loss on discrete areas of the scalp
Alopecia Areata
31
Characteristic diagnostic finding is short, broken hairs called exclamation point hairs. Associated with autoimmune diseases like thyroid disease or vitiligo
Alopecia areata
32
Total loss of scalp hair | Can Affect eyebrows and eyelashes
Alopecia Totalis
33
Total loss of both body and scalp hair
Alopecia Universalis
34
Also known as male-pattern baldness. Recession begins above temples. Hairline eventually form a characteristic "M" Shape
Androgenic Alopecia
35
Increased shedding of hair resulting from the early entry in the telogen phase
Telogen Effluvium
36
Resting phase of the hair follicle when hair strands are shed off
Telogen Phase
37
Causes of Telogen Effluvium
Pregnancy (Shedding of hair 4 months after but will grow again) Discontinuing or changing type of oral contraceptives Major surgical procedure "Crash" dieting
38
Green/yellow- green fluorescence with Wood's lamp
Tinea capitis
39
Green patch type
ectothrix
40
Starts out as a more typical presentation of tinea capitis but is endothrix (invasion of hair shaft)
Kerion (Tinea capitis) - does not exhibit fluorescence with the Wood's lamp - can cause inflammation and deteriorate to a deep abscess
41
a rare inflmmatory condition that results in patchy progressive permanent hair loss mainly in the scalp
Lichen planopilaris
42
Causes of Nail splitting
``` Nail trauma Skin Irritations LAck of moisture Artificial nail coatings Repetitive exposure to water and harsh chemicals Deficiencies of IRON VIT. C or PROTEIN ```
43
Transverse splitting into layers at or near the free edge
Onychoschizia (lamellar dystrophy)
44
Longitudinal ridging and splitting of the free edge
Onychorrhexis (Brittle nails)
45
Small punctate depressions on the surface of the nail
Nail Pitting
46
Presence of misshapen, partially or completely destroyed nail plates
Dystrophic nails caused by: Psoriasis Onychomycosis Trauma
47
Orange brown or tan brown spot in nails Can be yellowish - rule out of fungal infection
Oil spots of psoriasis
48
Melanocytic nevus in white persons, maybe normal in black/brown-skinned persons.. if it extends to periungual skin (HUTCHINSON SIGN), then rule out melanoma
Brown linear band or streak
49
Transverse depressions across the fingernail. Can occur after acute stress such as MI, hypotension, shock, injury to the nail, malnutrition, severe infection during chemotherapy for cancer
Beau's lines
50
If the length of the Beau's line is somewhere in middle
stressful event occured 1 1/2 - 3 months
51
Dilated capilalries around the nail. Might be indicative of connective tissue disorders such as Dermatomyositis, LE, RA
Periungual telangiectasia
52
Bulbous enlargement and broadening of the fingertips. Lovibond's angle exceeds 180 degrees
Clubbing -inherited: AD
53
Normal Lovibond's angle
160 degrees
54
Severe form of erythema multiforme (EM). Involves 2 or more mucous membranes such as oral cavity/lips, eyes/cojunctiva, perianal, genital mucosa
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
55
SJS separation of epidermis from dermis
<10%: SJS >30%: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 10-30%: overlap between SJS and TEN
56
Autoimmune Disorder. Initial and can be the only manifestation: blisters and erosions in the inner lining of oral cavity
Pemphigus Vulgaris
57
Biopsy of Pemphigus Vulgaris
Biopsy will reveal a suprabasal blister Dx can also be made by direct immunofluorescence IgG+ complement deposited in between keratinocytes in the epidermis
58
Large erosions due to tendency to extend peripherally after application of pressure (in Pemphigus Vulgaris)
Nikolsky sign
59
``` Erythematous scaly plaques Advancing borders Central clearing Very pruritic Named according to body part affected ```
Dermatophytoses
60
Burning, eythematous, moist,partially eroded patch after application of irritant
irritant Contact Dermatitis
61
Solitary or multiple wart like papules
Verruca
62
Plaques with silvery white scales
Psoriasis
63
common chronic skin disease involving blockage and/or inflammation of pilosebaceous units
Acne Vulgaris
64
Firm, tender nodule
Furuncle
65
Hypoesthetic (reduced sense of torch or sensation) plaque with erythematous border and hypopigmented center
Tuberculoid Leprosy
66
Circumscribed plaque from repetitive rubbing and scratching
Lichen SImplex/Chronicus
67
Hyperpigmented macules due to herpes zoster infection
Post-Inflammatory changes

OS 212 DERMATOLOGY (9 decks)

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