Common Pediatric Dermatoses in OPD Flashcards
Honey colored crusts caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, MRSA
Impetigo Contagiosa
treatment of Impetigo Contagiosa
Systemic antibiotics
cloxacillin, cephalexin, mupirocin
Caused by Mycobacterium leprae transmitted via inhalation/droplets
Hypopigmented or reddish skin lesion with sensory loss
History of Chronicity
Hansen’s disease
Treatment for Hansen’s disease
Multidrug therapy (rifampicin, clofazimine)
dapsone, clofazimine
Pearly smooth firm nodule. Nodule is non-itchy, flesh colored with central umbilication
Molluscum contagiosum
Koebner phenomenon
Spreading by trauma like scratching
treatment of Molluscum contagiosum
Imiquimod (topical)
0.05% tretinoin
Remove by curretage
Cryotherapy
Elevated rough graying papule increasing in size every time nicked out. Itchy when perspiring
Verruca vulgaris
Salient features of Verruca vulgaris
Papilloma
Slow growing, chronic
HPV types 1-4
Dx clincher for verruca vulgaris
tiny punctate black dots on wart surface representing thrombosed capillaries
Treatment for Verruca Vulgaris
Light cryotherapy
Topical Slicylic acid
Imiquinod
Electrodessication
Multiple Vesicular lesions (prodrome - low grade fever, malaise, headache)
Varicella
-raindrop on a rose petal
Differentiate Measles vs Varicella
Measles: TOP -> DOWN
Varicella: CENTRAL ->OUTWARDS
Treatment of Varicella
Neonatal varicella - acyclovir 500mg q8 x 10 days
child - acyclovir 20mg/kg qid x 5 days or symptomatic tx
Grouped vesicles following a dermatomal distribution, Unilateral
Painful (burning, tingling sensation)
papules and plaques of erythema in a dermatome followed by development of blisters within hour
Herpes Zoster
Illness lasts 2-3 weeks, 6 weeks
Treatment for herpes zoster
Golden Period: 3-4 days after appearance of vesicles to optimize efficacy
Acyclovir 800mf 5x/daily
Valcyclovir 1000mg
Famciclovir 500 mg 3x/daily for 7 days
Papules with central punctum appear on exposed areas and arms and legs.
Mosquito bite
-Excoriations can give rise to secondary bacterial infection and prurigo nodularis
Pruritic erythematous papules distributed in soft, warm and moist area, wrist area, armpit, inframammary area, umbilical, inner thigh, scrotal and buttock areas
NOCTURNAL PRURITUS
Scabies
-Sarcoptes scabiei
Treatment for Scabies
Permethrin 5% lotion
(leave 8-12 h) -> repeat after 7 days
Crotamiton 10% apply for 3-5 days
Prevention: Take care of the fomites. (Scabies die in heart or seal in airtight bag for 7 days)
Broken off stumps of hairs in rounded erythematous patches where there are scales, crust, or pustules and few hair
Tinea Capitis
Black dot
endothrix (trichophyton tonsurans)
Gray patch
Ectothrix (microsporon)
Inflammatory tinea capitis
Kerion/favus or scutula, bluish white fluorescence
Treatment for tinea capitis
systemic treatment
Oral antifungals: Ultramicronized griseofulvin Terbinafine Itraconazole Ketoconazole
Chronic, inflammatory, lloos, dry, moist, greasy scales (Seborrheic Dermatitis)
Seborrheic dermatitis
Scalp - Most common form manifesting as dry flaky desquamation in infants, the scalp may be covered by a greasy dirty crust
Treatment for Seborrheic dermatitis
Low potency corticosteroid cream
For scalp - selenium sulfide shampoo, tar, zinc, pyrithione
In auditory meatus - low potency cortisone and 2 % acetic acid
allylamines - dermatophytic infection
Primary lesions are discrete coin-shaped erythematous, vesicular or crusted plaques
Legs are favored areas
Chronic and relapsing
Nummular eczema
Treatment for nummular eczema
If infected, topical antimicrobials may be given
If not infected, may use potent corticosteroid creams, oral antihistmines, moisturizers.
